Time-Gated Single-Photon Detection in Time-Domain Diffuse Optics: A Review

Abstract

This work reviews physical concepts, technologies and applications of time-domain diffuse optics based on time-gated single-photon detection. This particular photon detection strategy is of the utmost importance in the diffuse optics field as it unleashes the full power of the time-domain approach by maximizing performances in terms of contrast produced by a localized perturbation inside the scattering medium, signal-to-noise ratio, measurement time and dynamic range, penetration depth and spatial resolution. The review covers 15 years of theoretical studies, technological progresses, proof of concepts and design of laboratory systems based on time-gated single-photon detection with also few hints on other fields where the time-gated detection strategy produced and will produce further impact.

Keywords

• time-domain diffuse optics
• scattering media
• time-gated single-photon avalanche diode
• null source-detector separation
• time-correlated single-photon counting
• functional near-infrared spectroscopy
• diffuse optical imaging
• diffuse optical spectroscopy
• diffuse optical tomography
• biomedical imaging