Multiple Keratoacanthoma-like Syndromes: Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a fast-growing skin tumor subtype that can be observed as a solitary lesion or rarely as multiple lesions in the context of rare genetic syndromes. Syndromes with multiple keratoacanthoma-like lesions have been documented as multiple self-healing squamous epithelioma (Ferguson–Smith syndrome), eruptive keratoacanthoma of Grzybowski, multiple familial keratoacanthoma of Witten and Zak Muir–Torre syndrome, and incontinentia pigmenti. The treatment approach of those entities is challenging due to the numerous lesions, the lesions’ undefined nature, and the co-existence of other malignant skin tumors. Herein, we report a case of a 40-year-old woman who developed multiple treatment-resistant Ferguson–Smith-like keratoacanthomas with a co-existing large and ulcerated invasive squamous cell carcinoma and microcystic adnexal carcinoma on the scalp. Multiple keratoacanthomas on her extremities were successfully treated with oral acitretin (0.5 mg/kg/day) in combination with topical Fluorouracil (5-FU) 5%, while excision and plastic surgery restoration were performed to treat the ulcerated cancer lesion on her scalp. Due to the interesting nature of this rare syndrome, we performed a literature review including case reports and case series on multiple-KA-like lesions syndromes and focusing on diagnosis and therapy approaches. We also conducted a comparison of patient reports, which included assessing the clinical appearance of the lesions and evaluating the success and progress or the failure of various treatment approaches that were implemented.

Keywords

• keratoacanthoma
• Ferguson–Smith syndrome
• Muir–Torre syndrome
• eruptive keratoacanthoma of Grzybowski
• multiple familial keratoacanthoma of Witten and Zak
• incontinentia pigmenti