Interstitial lung abnormalities after hospitalization for COVID‐19 in patients with cancer: A prospective cohort study

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Survivors of SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia often develop persistent respiratory symptom and interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) after infection. Risk factors for ILA development and duration of ILA persistence after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are not well described in immunocompromised hosts, such as cancer patients. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of 95 patients at a major cancer center and 45 patients at a tertiary referral center. We collected clinical and radiographic data during the index hospitalization for COVID‐19 pneumonia and measured pneumonia severity using a semi‐quantitative radiographic score, the Radiologic Severity Index (RSI). Patients were evaluated in post‐COVID‐19 clinics at 3 and 6 months after discharge and underwent comprehensive pulmonary evaluations (symptom assessment, chest computed tomography, pulmonary function tests, 6‐min walk test). The association of clinical and radiological factors with ILAs at 3 and 6 months post‐discharge was measured using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Results Sixty‐six (70%) patients of cancer cohort had ILAs at 3 months, of whom 39 had persistent respiratory symptoms. Twenty‐four (26%) patients had persistent ILA at 6 months after hospital discharge. In adjusted models, higher peak RSI at admission was associated with ILAs at 3 (OR 1.5 per 5‐point increase, 95% CI 1.1–1.9) and 6 months (OR 1.3 per 5‐point increase, 95% CI 1.1–1.6) post‐discharge. Fibrotic ILAs (reticulation, traction bronchiectasis, and architectural distortion) were more common at 6 months post‐discharge. Conclusions Post‐COVID‐19 ILAs are common in cancer patients 3 months after hospital discharge, and peak RSI and older age are strong predictors of persistent ILAs.

Keywords

• COVID‐19
• fibrosis
• interstitial lung disease
• pneumonia
• post‐infectious pulmonary complication