Cell-Based Refinement Processor Utilizing Disparity Characteristics of Road Environment for SGM-Based Stereo Vision Systems

Abstract

Embedded stereo vision systems based on traditional approaches often require a disparity refinement process to enhance image quality. Weighted median filter (WMF)-based processors are commonly employed for their excellent refinement performance. However, when implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), WMF-based processors face a trade-off between hardware resource utilization and refinement performance. To address this trade-off, we previously proposed a new disparity refinement processor based on the hybrid max-median filter (HMMF). However, our earlier work did not guarantee flawless operation in large occluded and texture-less regions, particularly in areas with numerous holes. In order to overcome this limitation of conventional processors, we proposed a cell-based disparity refinement processor. This processor extends our previous HMMF-based disparity refinement processor. To evaluate its refinement performance, we conducted experiments using four types of publicly available stereo datasets. When comparing refinement performance, our proposed processor outperforms conventional processors when using the KITTI 2012 and 2015 stereo benchmark datasets. Additionally, the results demonstrate that our proposed processor exhibits superior refinement performance when applied to the Cityscapes and StereoDriving datasets in comparison to conventional processors. Furthermore, when considering hardware resource utilization, our proposed processor demonstrates lower resource requirements than conventional processors when implemented on an FPGA. Therefore, our proposed disparity refinement processor is well-suited for the disparity refinement process in stereo vision systems that require cost-effectiveness and high performance.

Keywords

• Stereo vision
• disparity refinement
• hardware architecture
• FPGA