Multicriticality in a one-dimensional topological band insulator

Abstract

A central tenet in the theory of quantum phase transitions (QPTs) is that a nonanalyticity in a ground-state energy implies a QPT. Here we report on a finding that challenges this assertion. As a case study we take a phase diagram of a one-dimensional band insulator with spin-orbit coupled electrons, supporting trivial, and topological gapped phases separated by intersecting critical surfaces. The intersections define multicritical lines across which the ground-state energy becomes nonanalytical, concurrent with a closing of the band gap, but with no phase transition taking place.