Serial intravitreal injections in age-related macular degeneration patients from the dry eye disease perspective: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Abstract Background To evaluate the effects of serial intravitreal injections (IVI) on the ocular surface and meibomian glands in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods Patients receiving anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agent injections for unilateral nAMD were included. Untreated fellow eyes served as the control group. All participants followed a pre-IVI asepsis protocol with povidone-iodine (PI). Ocular surface diseases index (OSDI) questionnaire scores, first and average non-invasive tear break-up time (fNITBUT and avgNITBUT), Schirmer-1 test results, corneal staining score (according to Oxford scale), meibomian gland (MG) loss rates of lower and upper eyelids were recorded four weeks after the last IVI. Results Forty-two nAMD patients with a mean age of 63.3 ± 19.4 were included in the study. The mean OSDI score was 20.3 and the median of IVI number was 9 (6–22). There were no statistically significant difference between treated and untreated fellow eyes regarding fNITBUT (5.6 vs. 4.5, p = 0.872), avgNITBUT (6.2 vs. 7.2, p = 0.968), Shirmer-1 results (7 vs. 7, p = 0.854), corneal staining (0.3 vs. 0.2, p = 0.341), lower and upper MG loss rate (29.3 vs. 28.4, p = 0.162, and 27.1 vs. 26.9, p = 0.476, respectively). Only significant correlation was observed between age with lower and upper MG loss rate (r:0.396, p = 0.042, and r:0.365, p = 0.047). Conclusion The results of the present study demonstrated that serial IVI of anti-VEGF agents with PI asepsis is well tolerated by nAMD patients in terms of ocular surface, MG loss and DED measurements.

Keywords

• Age-related macular degeneration
• Dry eye disease
• Intravitreal injection
• Meibomian gland loss
• Ocular surface