Association of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in adults younger than 55 years with coronary heart disease. Case-control study

Abstract

Objectives: The traditional cardiovascular risk factors associated with coronary artery disease in individuals younger than 55 years old was determined in this study. Methods: A retrospective, paired case–control study comprised of patients younger than 55 years old who were admitted to the hospital due to acute coronary syndrome with coronary artery disease from 2011 to 2016. There were two controls per case, paired by age, gender, admission date, and health insurance. Data from patients were collected, such as sociodemographic information, cardiovascular risk factors, and drug therapy information. A conditional logistic regression model was created to evaluate the association between traditional cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery disease. Results: There were 171 cases and 342 controls included in the study. The median age was 49 years, with a predominance of male gender (80.12%). Nearly 66% of cases had at least one traditional cardiovascular risk factor. The most common risk factors were obesity (57.31%), arterial hypertension (45.62%), and smoking (28.97%). Independent risk factors of coronary artery disease in patients younger than 55 years were arterial hypertension (odds ratio, 2.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.48–4.20; p = 0.001) and smoking (odds ratio, 7.15; 95% confidence interval, 3.19–15.99; p = 0.00). No significant association between diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease in the global group (odds ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence innterval, 0.91–4.58; p = 0.083) was found. Conclusion: For patients younger than 55 years, with a theoretically lower risk of coronary artery disease due to their age, having one or several traditional risk factors (smoking, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, or diabetes mellitus) confers an increased risk of coronary artery disease regardless of age.