Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Biological Evaluation of a Series of Phloretin Derivatives

Abstract

A one-step synthesis of phloretin derivatives 2–11 from phloretin in good to excellent yields is reported. Their structures were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS, and the structures of 8 and 11 were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. A mechanism for the formation of 9–11 is proposed. Compared with the anticancer drug docetaxel, phloretin, phloretin derivatives and phlorizin exhibited moderate cytotoxicity toward the MDA-MB-231, SPC-A1, A549, MCF-7 and EC109 cell lines. Among all of the tested compounds, 7 exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity toward the five cell lines and was more active than docetaxel in MDA-MB-231 cells. Our findings suggest that these derivatives hold great promise for further development as anticancer agents.

Keywords

• phloretin derivatives
• X-ray diffraction analysis
• mechanism
• anticancer activity