A forma e o programa dos grandes museus internacionais

Abstract

This paper discusses the evolution of the form and program of major international museums over the last five centuries. We analyzed museums built between the 17th and 19th centuries; modern museums, including the Museum for a Small City (Mies van der Rohe), the Guggenheim Museum in New York (Frank Lloyd Wright), and the Museum of Unlimited Growth (Le Corbusier); and contemporary museums such as Centre George Pompidou (Richard Rogers/Renzo Piano) and the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao (Frank Gehry). Born from the habit of collecting, up until the 19th century, museums were not identifiable as the attraction we know today. Initially consisting of only a corridor, their program evolved from a set of rooms and library to spaces that replicate urban life synthesized in their interiors. In their buildings, historic architectural elements such as stairs, porticos, and rotundas were consecrated. However, starting from the mid-19th century, museums have become a place of formal audacity, assuming the transparency of glass, the dynamics of the spiral, or the movement of Boccioni’s bottle.

Keywords

• Museu. Forma. Programa. Museus (Arquitetura).