Multivariate Analysis as a Method to Evaluate Antigenic Relationships between Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 1b Isolates and Vaccine Strains

Shollie M. Falkenberg; Hao Ma; Eduardo Casas; Rohana P. Dassanayake; Michael W. Bolton; Gage Raithel; Scott Silvis; John D. Neill; Paul H. Walz

doi:10.3390/v15102085

Viruses (Oct 2023)

Multivariate Analysis as a Method to Evaluate Antigenic Relationships between Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 1b Isolates and Vaccine Strains

Shollie M. Falkenberg,
Hao Ma,
Eduardo Casas,
Rohana P. Dassanayake,
Michael W. Bolton,
Gage Raithel,
Scott Silvis,
John D. Neill,
Paul H. Walz

Affiliations

Shollie M. Falkenberg: Sugg Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
Hao Ma: Ruminant Disease and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA
Eduardo Casas: Ruminant Disease and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA
Rohana P. Dassanayake: Ruminant Disease and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA
Michael W. Bolton: Spring Hill Farm Consulting, Honor, MI 49640, USA
Gage Raithel: Sugg Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
Scott Silvis: Sugg Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
John D. Neill: Ruminant Disease and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA
Paul H. Walz: Sugg Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/v15102085
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 15, no. 10
p. 2085

Abstract

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The antigenicity of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has been evaluated using virus-neutralizing titer data analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and has demonstrated numerous isolates to be antigenically divergent from US vaccine strains. The lack of BVDV-1b strains in currently licensed vaccines has raised concerns regarding the lack of protection against BVDV-1b field strains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antigenic diversity of BVDV-1b strains and better understand the breadth of antigenic relatedness using BVDV-1b antisera and antisera from vaccine strains. Results from this analysis demonstrate the antigenic diversity observed among BVDV-1b isolates and genetic assignment into the BVDV-1b subgenotype is not representative of antigenic relatedness. This is demonstrated by BVDV-1b isolates (2280N, SNc, Illc, MSU, and 2337) observed to be as antigenically dissimilar as BVDV-2a isolates when using BVDV-1b antisera. Additionally, when BVDV-1a vaccine antisera was used for comparisons, a greater percentage of BVDV-1b isolates clustered with BVDV-1a vaccine strains as part of PC1, suggesting antigenic relatedness and potentially partial protection. Collectively, data from this study would suggest that while most BVDV-1b isolates are antigenically similar, there are antigenically dissimilar BVDV-1b isolates as determined by the lack of cross-reactivity, which may contribute to the lack of protection.

Published in Viruses

ISSN: 1999-4915 (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Science: Microbiology
Website: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/viruses

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