A first look at the formation of PEO-PDA coatings on 3D titanium

Abstract

Additive manufacturing has revolutionized implantology by enabling the fabrication of customized, highly porous implants. Surface modifications using electrochemical methods can significantly enhance the bioactivity and biocompatibility of biomaterials, including 3D-printed implants. This study investigates novel coatings on 3D titanium (Ti) samples. Mesh Ti samples were designed and subjected to plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) to form a calcium phosphate coating. Subsequently, a layer of polydopamine (PDA) was applied. The electrochemical properties and morphology of the coatings were analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed well-developed coatings containing calcium phosphates (including hydroxyapatite), titanium dioxide, and polymerized dopamine, suggesting promising bioactive potential. Composite layers incorporating PDA exhibited superior protective properties compared to base PEO coatings.

Keywords

• Titanium alloy
• Plasma electrolytic oxidation
• Hydroxyapatite
• Bioactive coatings
• Polydopamine