Frontiers in Immunology (Apr 2022)
Inborn Errors of Immunity in Algerian Children and Adults: A Single-Center Experience Over a Period of 13 Years (2008–2021)
- Brahim Belaid,
- Lydia Lamara Mahammed,
- Ouardia Drali,
- Aida Mohand Oussaid,
- Nabila Souad Touri,
- Souhila Melzi,
- Abdelhak Dehimi,
- Lylia Meriem Berkani,
- Fatma Merah,
- Zineb Larab,
- Ines Allam,
- Ouarda Khemici,
- Sonya Yasmine Kirane,
- Mounia Boutaba,
- Reda Belbouab,
- Hadjira Bekkakcha,
- Assia Guedouar,
- Abdelhakim Chelali,
- Brahim Baamara,
- Djamila Noui,
- Hadda Baaziz,
- Radia Rezak,
- Sidi Mohamed Azzouz,
- Malika Aichaoui,
- Assia Moktefi,
- Redha Mohamed Benhatchi,
- Meriem Oussalah,
- Naila Benaissa,
- Amel Laredj,
- Assia Bouchetara,
- Abdelkader Adria,
- Brahim Habireche,
- Noureddine Tounsi,
- Fella Dahmoun,
- Rabah Touati,
- Hamza Boucenna,
- Fadila Bouferoua,
- Lynda Sekfali,
- Nadjet Bouhafs,
- Rawda Aboura,
- Sakina Kherra,
- Yacine Inouri,
- Saadeddine Dib,
- Nawel Medouri,
- Noureddine Khelfaoui,
- Aicha Redjedal,
- Amara Zelaci,
- Samah Yahiaoui,
- Sihem Medjadj,
- Tahar Khelifi Touhami,
- Ahmed Kadi,
- Fouzia Amireche,
- Imane Frada,
- Shahrazed Houasnia,
- Karima Benarab,
- Chahynez Boubidi,
- Yacine Ferhani,
- Hayet Benalioua,
- Samia Sokhal,
- Nadia Benamar,
- Samira Aggoune,
- Karima Hadji,
- Asma Bellouti,
- Hakim Rahmoune,
- Nada Boutrid,
- kamelia Okka,
- Assia Ammour,
- Houssem Saadoune,
- Malika Amroun,
- Hayet Belhadj,
- Amina Ghanem,
- Hanane Abbaz,
- Sana Boudrioua,
- Besma Zebiche,
- Assia Ayad,
- Zahra Hamadache,
- Nassima Ouaras,
- Nassima Achour,
- Nadira Bouchair,
- Houda Boudiaf,
- Dahila Bekkat-Berkani,
- Hachemi Maouche,
- Zahir Bouzrar,
- Lynda Aissat,
- Ouardia Ibsaine,
- Belkacem Bioud,
- Leila Kedji,
- Djazia Dahlouk,
- Manoubia Bensmina,
- Abdelkarim Radoui,
- Mimouna Bessahraoui,
- Nadia Bensaadi,
- Azzeddine Mekki,
- Zoulikha Zeroual,
- Koon-Wing Chan,
- Daniel Leung,
- Amar Tebaibia,
- Soraya Ayoub,
- Dalila Mekideche,
- Merzak Gharnaout,
- Jean Laurent Casanova,
- Jean Laurent Casanova,
- Jean Laurent Casanova,
- Jean Laurent Casanova,
- Anne Puel,
- Anne Puel,
- Anne Puel,
- Yu Lung Lau,
- Nacira Cherif,
- Samir Ladj,
- Leila Smati,
- Rachida Boukari,
- Nafissa Benhalla,
- Reda Djidjik
Affiliations
- Brahim Belaid
- Department of Medical Immunology, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Lydia Lamara Mahammed
- Department of Medical Immunology, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Ouardia Drali
- Department of Pediatrics B, Hussein Dey University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Aida Mohand Oussaid
- Department of Pediatrics A, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Nabila Souad Touri
- Department of Pediatrics, Blida University Hospital Center, University of Blida, Blida, Algeria
- Souhila Melzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Bab El Oued University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Abdelhak Dehimi
- Department of Pediatrics, Setif University Hospital Center, University of Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
- Lylia Meriem Berkani
- Department of Medical Immunology, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Fatma Merah
- Department of Medical Immunology, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, Algiers, Algeria
- Zineb Larab
- Department of Medical Immunology, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, Algiers, Algeria
- Ines Allam
- Department of Medical Immunology, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Ouarda Khemici
- Department of Pediatrics B, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, Algiers, Algeria
- Sonya Yasmine Kirane
- Department of Pediatrics B, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Mounia Boutaba
- 0Department of Pediatrics A, Hussein Dey University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Reda Belbouab
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Mustapha Pacha University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Hadjira Bekkakcha
- 0Department of Pediatrics A, Hussein Dey University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Assia Guedouar
- 0Department of Pediatrics A, Hussein Dey University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Abdelhakim Chelali
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Djelfa Public Hospital Institution, Djelfa, Algeria
- Brahim Baamara
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Djelfa Public Hospital Institution, Djelfa, Algeria
- Djamila Noui
- 3Department of Pediatrics, Batna University Hospital center, University of Batna, Batna, Algeria
- Hadda Baaziz
- 3Department of Pediatrics, Batna University Hospital center, University of Batna, Batna, Algeria
- Radia Rezak
- 4Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Canastel Children’s Hospital, Oran, Algeria
- Sidi Mohamed Azzouz
- 5Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Canastel Children’s Hospital, University of Oran, Oran, Algeria
- Malika Aichaoui
- 6Department of Pediatric Pneumo-Allergology, Canastel Children’s Hospital, Oran, Algeria
- Assia Moktefi
- 6Department of Pediatric Pneumo-Allergology, Canastel Children’s Hospital, Oran, Algeria
- Redha Mohamed Benhatchi
- 6Department of Pediatric Pneumo-Allergology, Canastel Children’s Hospital, Oran, Algeria
- Meriem Oussalah
- 7Department of Pediatric Pneumo-Allergology, Canastel Children’s Hospital, University of Oran, Oran, Algeria
- Naila Benaissa
- 8Department of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Canastel Children’s Hospital, University of Oran, Oran, Algeria
- Amel Laredj
- 8Department of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Canastel Children’s Hospital, University of Oran, Oran, Algeria
- Assia Bouchetara
- 8Department of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Canastel Children’s Hospital, University of Oran, Oran, Algeria
- Abdelkader Adria
- 9Department of Pediatric Hematology, Canastel Children’s Hospital, Oran, Algeria
- Brahim Habireche
- 0Department of Pediatrics, El Bayadh Public Hospital Institution, EL Bayadh, Algeria
- Noureddine Tounsi
- 0Department of Pediatrics, El Bayadh Public Hospital Institution, EL Bayadh, Algeria
- Fella Dahmoun
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Bejaia University Hospital Center, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
- Rabah Touati
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Bejaia University Hospital Center, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
- Hamza Boucenna
- Department of Pediatrics A, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Fadila Bouferoua
- Department of Pediatrics A, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Lynda Sekfali
- Department of Pediatrics A, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Nadjet Bouhafs
- Department of Pediatrics, Bab El Oued University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Rawda Aboura
- Department of Pediatrics, Bab El Oued University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Sakina Kherra
- 0Department of Pediatrics A, Hussein Dey University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Yacine Inouri
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of the Army, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Saadeddine Dib
- 3Department of Pediatrics, Mother & Child Hospital of Tlemcen, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
- Nawel Medouri
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Saida Public Hospital Institution, Saida, Algeria
- Noureddine Khelfaoui
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Saida Public Hospital Institution, Saida, Algeria
- Aicha Redjedal
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Saida Public Hospital Institution, Saida, Algeria
- Amara Zelaci
- 5Department of Pediatrics, El Oued Public Hospital Institution, El Oued, Algeria
- Samah Yahiaoui
- 6Department of Pediatrics, Barika Public Hospital Institution, Batna, Algeria
- Sihem Medjadj
- 7Department of Pediatrics, Ghardaia Public Hospital Institution, Ghardaia, Algeria
- Tahar Khelifi Touhami
- 8Private Practitioner, Constantine, Algeria
- Ahmed Kadi
- 9Department of Pneumology A, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Fouzia Amireche
- 0Department of Pediatrics, Mother & Child Hospital of EL Mansourah, University of Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria
- Imane Frada
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Biskra Public Hospital Institution, Biskra, Algeria
- Shahrazed Houasnia
- 2Department of Pediatrics, El Harrouche Public Hospital Institution, Skikda, Algeria
- Karima Benarab
- 3Department of Pediatrics, Tizi Ouzou University Hospital Center, University of Tizi Ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
- Chahynez Boubidi
- 0Department of Pediatrics A, Hussein Dey University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Yacine Ferhani
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Mustapha Pacha University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Hayet Benalioua
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Mustapha Pacha University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Samia Sokhal
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Mustapha Pacha University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Nadia Benamar
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Tighennif Public Hospital Institution, Mascara, Algeria
- Samira Aggoune
- 5Department of Pediatrics, El-Harrach Public Hospital Institution, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Karima Hadji
- 6Department of Pediatrics, Ain Oulmene Public Hospital Institution, Setif, Algeria
- Asma Bellouti
- 7Department of Pediatrics, Ain Azel Public Hospital Institution, Setif, Algeria
- Hakim Rahmoune
- Department of Pediatrics, Setif University Hospital Center, University of Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
- Nada Boutrid
- Department of Pediatrics, Setif University Hospital Center, University of Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
- kamelia Okka
- Department of Pediatrics, Setif University Hospital Center, University of Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
- Assia Ammour
- 8Department of Pediatrics, Mother & Child Hospital of Touggourt, Touggourt, Algeria
- Houssem Saadoune
- 9Department of Pneumology, Mila Public Hospital Institution, Mila, Algeria
- Malika Amroun
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of the Army, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Hayet Belhadj
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of the Army, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Amina Ghanem
- 0Department of Pediatrics, Khenchela Public Hospital Institution, Khenchela, Algeria
- Hanane Abbaz
- 0Department of Pediatrics, Khenchela Public Hospital Institution, Khenchela, Algeria
- Sana Boudrioua
- 1Department of Pediatrics, El Khroub Public Hospital Institution, Constantine, Algeria
- Besma Zebiche
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Kolea Public Hospital Institution, Tipaza, Algeria
- Assia Ayad
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Kolea Public Hospital Institution, Tipaza, Algeria
- Zahra Hamadache
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Kolea Public Hospital Institution, Tipaza, Algeria
- Nassima Ouaras
- 3Department of Infectious Diseases, EL Kettar Specialized Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Nassima Achour
- 3Department of Infectious Diseases, EL Kettar Specialized Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Nadira Bouchair
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Annaba University Hospital Center, University of Annaba, Annaba, Algeria
- Houda Boudiaf
- 5Department of Pediatric Oncology, Mustapha pacha University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Dahila Bekkat-Berkani
- 6Department of Pediatrics, Bologhine Public Hospital Institution, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Hachemi Maouche
- 5Department of Pediatrics, El-Harrach Public Hospital Institution, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Zahir Bouzrar
- Department of Pediatrics, Bab El Oued University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Lynda Aissat
- 7Department of Pediatrics, Mother & Child Hospital of Tipaza, University of Blida, Algiers, Algeria
- Ouardia Ibsaine
- 8Department of Pediatrics, Ain Taya Public Hospital Institution, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Belkacem Bioud
- Department of Pediatrics, Setif University Hospital Center, University of Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
- Leila Kedji
- Department of Pediatrics, Blida University Hospital Center, University of Blida, Blida, Algeria
- Djazia Dahlouk
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of the Army, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Manoubia Bensmina
- 9Department of Pediatrics B, Douera University Hospital Center, University of Blida, Algiers, Algeria
- Abdelkarim Radoui
- 7Department of Pediatric Pneumo-Allergology, Canastel Children’s Hospital, University of Oran, Oran, Algeria
- Mimouna Bessahraoui
- 5Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Canastel Children’s Hospital, University of Oran, Oran, Algeria
- Nadia Bensaadi
- 3Department of Pediatrics, Tizi Ouzou University Hospital Center, University of Tizi Ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
- Azzeddine Mekki
- Department of Pediatrics B, Hussein Dey University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Zoulikha Zeroual
- 0Department of Pediatrics A, Hussein Dey University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Koon-Wing Chan
- 0Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Daniel Leung
- 0Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Amar Tebaibia
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, El Biar Public Hospital Institution, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Soraya Ayoub
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Dalila Mekideche
- 3Department of Pneumology B, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Merzak Gharnaout
- 9Department of Pneumology A, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Jean Laurent Casanova
- 4Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
- Jean Laurent Casanova
- 5Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
- Jean Laurent Casanova
- 6St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Jean Laurent Casanova
- 7Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Anne Puel
- 4Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
- Anne Puel
- 5Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
- Anne Puel
- 6St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Yu Lung Lau
- 0Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Nacira Cherif
- Department of Pediatrics B, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Samir Ladj
- 8Department of Pediatrics, El Biar Public Hospital Institution, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Leila Smati
- 6Department of Pediatrics, Bologhine Public Hospital Institution, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Rachida Boukari
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Mustapha Pacha University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Nafissa Benhalla
- Department of Pediatrics A, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- Reda Djidjik
- Department of Medical Immunology, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.900091
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 13
Abstract
BackgroundInborn errors of immunity (IEI) predispose patients to various infectious and non-infectious complications. Thanks to the development and expanding use of flow cytometry and increased awareness, the diagnostic rate of IEI has markedly increased in Algeria the last decade.AimThis study aimed to describe a large cohort of Algerian patients with probable IEI and to determine their clinical characteristics and outcomes.MethodsWe collected and analyzed retrospectively the demographic data, clinical manifestations, immunologic, genetic data, and outcome of Algerian IEI patients - diagnosed in the department of medical immunology of Beni Messous university hospital center, Algiers, from 2008 to 2021.ResultsEight hundred and seven patients with IEI (482 males and 325 females) were enrolled, 9.7% of whom were adults. Consanguinity was reported in 50.3% of the cases and a positive family history in 32.34%. The medium age at disease onset was 8 months and at diagnosis was 36 months. The median delay in diagnosis was 16 months. Combined immunodeficiencies were the most frequent (33.8%), followed by antibody deficiencies (24.5%) and well-defined syndromes with immunodeficiency (24%). Among 287 patients tested for genetic disorders, 129 patients carried pathogenic mutations; 102 having biallelic variants mostly in a homozygous state (autosomal recessive disorders). The highest mortality rate was observed in patients with combined immunodeficiency (70.1%), especially in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), Omenn syndrome, or Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II deficiency.ConclusionThe spectrum of IEI in Algeria is similar to that seen in most countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, notably regarding the frequency of autosomal recessive and/or combined immunodeficiencies.
Keywords
- primary immunodeficiency
- inborn errors of immunity
- Algeria
- epidemiology
- molecular diagnosis
- clinical features