Anticancer cytotoxicity and antifungal abilities of green-synthesized cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)2) nanoparticles using Lantana camara L.

Abstract

Abstract Background Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles with pharmaceutical applications is the current focus in the field of nanomedicine. This study aims at use of Lantana camara L as a source of green reducing agent toward synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles. Results Fe3+-reducing assay demonstrated that Lantana camara methanol extract (LCM) has significant electron transfer potential. Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis of the crude extracts revealed the presence of 7 known and 17 unknown phytochemicals in LCM. Synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles was confirmed based on color change of reaction mixture from light brown to dark brown. UV–visible spectrometry analysis showed that the synthesized particles had a λ max at 267.5 nm. Based on the two theta (2θ) and Miller indices (hkl) values obtained in XRD analysis, the particles were confirmed to be cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)2) nanoparticles. Further dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed that the average size of the Co(OH)2 nanoparticles is 180 nm. SEM image analysis of the particles revealed that they are spherical mass of feather-like structure, contributing toward increased surface area of the particles. Further, the pharmaceutical potential of the Co(OH)2 nanoparticles was evaluated against eukaryotic cancer and fungal cells. MTT cytotoxicity analysis showed that Co(OH)2 nanoparticles have selective toxicity toward HCT-116 cancer cells with an IC50 value of 25 µg/ml and reduced cytotoxicity to non-cancerous VERO cells with an IC50 value of 200 µg/ml suggesting that the particles possess selective anti-cancerous cytotoxicity. Additionally, the particles demonstrated significant antifungal activity against 5 human fungal pathogens. Conclusions Results of this study conclude that green-synthesized Co(OH)2 nanoparticles using Lantana camara L possess excellent eukaryotic cytotoxicity against cancer cells and fungal pathogens.

Keywords

• Lantana camara L
• Co(OH)2 nanoparticles
• Green synthesis
• Anticancer cytotoxicity
• Antifungal