iScience (Oct 2023)
Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines and their effect on HIV reservoir in older people with HIV
- Vitaliy A. Matveev,
- Erik Z. Mihelic,
- Erika Benko,
- Patrick Budylowski,
- Sebastian Grocott,
- Terry Lee,
- Chapin S. Korosec,
- Karen Colwill,
- Henry Stephenson,
- Ryan Law,
- Lesley A. Ward,
- Salma Sheikh-Mohamed,
- Geneviève Mailhot,
- Melanie Delgado-Brand,
- Adrian Pasculescu,
- Jenny H. Wang,
- Freda Qi,
- Tulunay Tursun,
- Lela Kardava,
- Serena Chau,
- Philip Samaan,
- Annam Imran,
- Dennis C. Copertino, Jr.,
- Gary Chao,
- Yoojin Choi,
- Robert J. Reinhard,
- Rupert Kaul,
- Jane M. Heffernan,
- R. Brad Jones,
- Tae-Wook Chun,
- Susan Moir,
- Joel Singer,
- Jennifer Gommerman,
- Anne-Claude Gingras,
- Colin Kovacs,
- Mario Ostrowski
Affiliations
- Vitaliy A. Matveev
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Corresponding author
- Erik Z. Mihelic
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Erika Benko
- Maple Leaf Medical Clinic, Toronto ON M5G 1K2, Canada
- Patrick Budylowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Sebastian Grocott
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Terry Lee
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN), Vancouver BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences (CHÉOS), Vancouver BC V6Z IY6, Canada
- Chapin S. Korosec
- Modelling Infection and Immunity Lab, Mathematics and Statistics Department, York University, Toronto ON M3J 1P3, Canada; Centre for Disease Modelling, Mathematics and Statistics Department, York University, Toronto ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Karen Colwill
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Henry Stephenson
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 0E9, Canada
- Ryan Law
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Lesley A. Ward
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Salma Sheikh-Mohamed
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Geneviève Mailhot
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Melanie Delgado-Brand
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Adrian Pasculescu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Jenny H. Wang
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Freda Qi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Tulunay Tursun
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Lela Kardava
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Serena Chau
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Philip Samaan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Annam Imran
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Dennis C. Copertino, Jr.
- Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Gary Chao
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Yoojin Choi
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Robert J. Reinhard
- Independent Public/Global Health Consultant, San Francisco, CA 94114, USA
- Rupert Kaul
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Jane M. Heffernan
- Modelling Infection and Immunity Lab, Mathematics and Statistics Department, York University, Toronto ON M3J 1P3, Canada; Centre for Disease Modelling, Mathematics and Statistics Department, York University, Toronto ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- R. Brad Jones
- Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Tae-Wook Chun
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Susan Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Joel Singer
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN), Vancouver BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences (CHÉOS), Vancouver BC V6Z IY6, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Jennifer Gommerman
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Colin Kovacs
- Maple Leaf Medical Clinic, Toronto ON M5G 1K2, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Mario Ostrowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 26,
no. 10
p. 107915
Abstract
Summary: Older individuals and people with HIV (PWH) were prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination, yet comprehensive studies of the immunogenicity of these vaccines and their effects on HIV reservoirs are not available. Our study on 68 PWH and 23 HIV-negative participants aged 55 and older post-three vaccine doses showed equally strong anti-spike IgG responses in serum and saliva through week 48 from baseline, while PWH salivary IgA responses were low. PWH had diminished live-virus neutralization responses after two vaccine doses, which were ‘rescued’ post-booster. Spike-specific T cell immunity was enhanced in PWH with normal CD4+ T cell count, suggesting Th1 imprinting. The frequency of detectable HIV viremia increased post-vaccination, but vaccines did not affect the size of the HIV reservoir in most PWH, except those with low-level viremia. Thus, older PWH require three doses of COVID-19 vaccine for maximum protection, while individuals with unsuppressed viremia should be monitored for adverse reactions from HIV reservoirs.
