Delphi Panel Consensus Statement Generation: COVID-19 Vaccination Recommendations for Immunocompromised Populations in the European Union

Abstract

Abstract Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused unprecedented pressure on healthcare systems globally. The lack of quality guidelines on the management of COVID-19 in rheumatologic disease, renal disease, hematological malignancy, and solid organ transplant recipients has resulted in a wide variation in clinical practice. Methods Using a Delphi process, a panel of 16 key opinion leaders developed clinical practice statements regarding vaccine recommendations in areas where standards are absent or limited. Agreement among practicing physicians with consensus statements was also assessed via an online physician survey. The strength of the consensus was determined by the following rating system: a strong rating was defined as all four key opinion leaders (KOLs) rating the statement ≥ 8, a moderate rating was defined as three out of four KOLs rating the statement ≥ 8, and no consensus was defined as less than three out of four KOLs provided a rating of ≤ 8. Specialists voted on agreement with each consensus statement for their disease area using the same ten-point scoring system. Results Key opinion leaders in rheumatology, nephrology, and hematology achieved consensuses for all nine statements pertaining to the primary and booster series with transplant physicians reaching consensus on eight of nine statements. Experts agreed that COVID-19 vaccines are safe, effective, and well tolerated by patients with rheumatological conditions, renal disease, hematologic malignancy, and recipients of solid organ transplants. The Delphi process yielded strong to moderate suggestions for the use of COVID-19 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines and the necessity of the COVID-19 booster for the immunocompromised population. The expert panel had mixed feelings concerning the measurement of antibody titers, higher-dose mRNA vaccines, and the development of disease-specific COVID-19 guidance. Conclusions These results confirmed the necessity of COVID-19 vaccines and boosters in immunocompromised patients with rheumatologic disease, renal disease, hematological malignancy, and solid organ transplant recipients. Statements where consensus was not achieved were due to absent or limited evidence.

Keywords

• Vaccines
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
• SARS-CoV-2
• Coronavirus disease 2019
• COVID-19
• Rheumatologic disease