Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery (Jun 2005)

A efetividade de uma proposta fisioterapêutica pré-operatória para cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio Effetiveness of a preoperative physiotherapeutic approach in myocardial revascularization

  • Camila Pereira Leguisamo,
  • Renato A.K. Kalil,
  • Ana Paula Furlani

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-76382005000200008
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 20, no. 2
pp. 134 – 141

Abstract

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INTRODUÇÃO: As complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias são uma fonte significativa de mortalidade e morbidade. A fisioterapia respiratória é freqüentemente utilizada na prevenção e tratamento de tais complicações, podendo ser iniciada no pré-operatório de forma a avaliar e orientar os pacientes. OBJETIVO: Estabelecer a efetividade de um programa de orientação fisioterapêutica pré-operatória para pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio, em relação à redução do tempo de internação hospitalar, prevenção de complicações radiológicas pulmonares, alteração de volumes pulmonares e força muscular inspiratória. MÉTODO: Ensaio clínico randomizado. A pesquisa foi composta por 86 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia eletiva de revascularização do miocárdio no Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul. O grupo intervenção (44 pacientes) foi avaliado e recebeu orientação fisioterapêutica com material por escrito, no mínimo, 15 dias antes da cirurgia. Já o grupo controle recebeu cuidados de rotina no dia da internação hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Observou-se significativa redução do tempo de internação hospitalar (pINTRODUCTION: Postoperative pulmonary complications are a major source of mortality and morbility. Respiratory physiotherapy, which is often used to prevent and treat these complications, can be started preoperatively, in order to assess and guide the patients. OBJECTIVE: To establish the effectiveness of a preoperative physiotherapy program for patients submitted to elective coronary artery bypass surgery as regards to the reduction of the hospital stay and prevention of pulmonary complications, changes in pulmonary volumes and inspiratory muscle force. METHOD: This was a randomized clinical trial. The study group consisted of 86 patients submitted to elective coronary artery bypass surgery at the Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul. The intervention group (44 patients) was assessed and received physiotherapeutic guidance with written manuals at least 15 days before surgery. The control group (42 patients), on the other hand, received routine guidance on the day of hospital entry. RESULTS: A significant reduction in the hospital stay (p<0.05) was observed in the intervention group. No difference were found between the groups in respect to the change of lung volumes, inspiratory muscle force and occurrence of pulmonary complications as seen by X-ray. CONCLUSION: Patients who have had preoperative instruction are better prepared to cooperate with postoperative treatment. As these patients understand the purpose of pre- and post-operative physiotherapy, the limitations resulting from the surgical process and the physiotherapeutic technique proposed, they may ultimately have a shorter stay in hospital.

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