Sensitivity Pattern in Children Respiratory Bacterial Infections

Abstract

Background: Bacterial respiratory infections are a major health concern, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in respiratory infections and assess the efficacy of antibiotics. Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted from July 2010 to July 2011. Patients with respiratory infections were categorized by age, bacterial pathogen, disease type, and season of infection. Diagnostic methods, including throat swabs, blood cultures, and antibiograms, were used to identify pathogens and determine antibiotic resistance profiles. The infection rate was calculated using standard epidemiological formulas. Results: Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 84.7% of infections, with Acinetobacter baumannii (26.4%) being the most common pathogen. Gram-positive infections, primarily caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (77%), were also prevalent. The highest infection rates were observed in the spring, particularly among children under one year and those aged 1-6 years. Pneumonia was the most common diagnosis (43.5%). Ampicillin resistance was widespread, but Acinetobacter baumannii, E. coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed sensitivity to Sulbactam, Cefoperazone, and Piperacillin/Tazobactam. Conclusion: Acinetobacter baumannii was the predominant cause of respiratory infections, especially in young children and during spring. Ampicillin resistance was common, but Sulbactam, Cefoperazone, and Piperacillin/Tazobactam were more effective. These findings highlight the importance of targeted antibiotic therapy, particularly for Gram-negative bacterial infections.

Keywords

• gram-negative bacteria
• gram-positive bacteria
• respiratory infections
• antibiotic resistance
• acinetobacter baumannii
• streptococcus pneumoniae
• pneumonia
• antibiogram
• seasonal variation