Journal of King Saud University: Science (Jun 2022)
Administration of Costus igneus Nak leaf extract improves diabetic-induced impairment in hepatorenal functions in male albino rats
Abstract
Objectives: The present study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy Costus igneus Nak leaf extract against the diabetes-induced hepatorenal injury in rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in male albino rats by administering single injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) for one day. The diabetic condition was established by estimation of blood glucose level; animals with blood glucose levels above 250 mg were considered as diabetic. Following the confirmation, animals were randomly divided into seven experimental groups, viz group I served as the control, group II-CI-300mg/Kg (per se), group III-Diabetic, group IV-diabetic+CI (100mg/kg), group V-diabetic+CI (200mg/kg), group VI-Diabetic+CI (300 mg/kg) and group VII-diabetic+glibenclamide (0.5mg/kg). Treatment regimens were started 24 h after the confirmation of the successful induction of diabetes and continued for four consecutive weeks at three doses (100–300 mg/kg). After the completion of experimental period animals were sacrificed, blood was collected through retro-orbital puncture for separation of serum for assessment of liver (ALT, AST, ALP, albumin, globulin and bilirubin) and kidney-specific biomarkers (creatinine, urea, and uric acid, Na+ and K+), and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, TGF-β1, IL-10. Liver and kidneys were harvested for histopathology and biochemical screening. Hepatorenal protective activity was evaluated by estimating different biochemical variables and histopathology by hematoxylin and eosin staining of the liver and kidney tissues. Results and Conclusions: Three different daily doses of the plant extract showed recovery in all the biochemical parameters such as lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase; ALT, AST, and ALP; creatinine, urea, and uric acid; total cellular protein content in tissues, glycogen content, and serum protein content (albumin and globulin); and inflammatory cytokines. However, significantly higher recovery was observed in the 300 mg/kg dose treated group of animals. Considerations of the serological, biochemical and histopathological studies, it may be concluded that that the C. igneus Nak leaf extract abolished various deleterious effects of type 1 diabetes induced hepatorenal functions.
