Coupling reaction of aryl halides with phenylboronic acid using chitosan-copper (II) complex extracted from Persian Gulf shrimp shell

Abstract

In this research, using a suitable method and in line with the development of green chemistry, chitosan particles were prepared through the process of deacetylation from Persian Gulf shrimp shell waste, and then a copper-based complex was successfully synthesized on a substrate of chitosan particles, and with Techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Energy Diffraction Spectroscopy (EDX), Elemental Mapping, and Visible-Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (UV-Vis) was investigated. A wide variety of biaryl compounds were successfully synthesized through the developed catalytic process. The use of chitosan-copper (II) complex catalyst in the synthesis of biphenyl derivatives showed several advantages, including mild reaction conditions and short synthesis time, significant efficiency, avoiding the production of toxic waste, and easy separation of the catalyst. Furthermore, the chitosan-copper(II) complex was easily recovered by filtration and could be reused for five cycles without losing its structural integrity and catalytic activity.

Keywords

• shrimp waste
• deacetylation
• chitosan
• chitosan-copper (ii) complex
• carbon-carbon coupling reactions