The Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 2023)
PHANGS–JWST First Results: The 21 μm Compact Source Population
- Hamid Hassani,
- Erik Rosolowsky,
- Adam K. Leroy,
- Médéric Boquien,
- Janice C. Lee,
- Ashley T. Barnes,
- Francesco Belfiore,
- F. Bigiel,
- Yixian Cao,
- Mélanie Chevance,
- Daniel A. Dale,
- Oleg V. Egorov,
- Eric Emsellem,
- Christopher M. Faesi,
- Kathryn Grasha,
- Jaeyeon Kim,
- Ralf S. Klessen,
- Kathryn Kreckel,
- J. M. Diederik Kruijssen,
- Kirsten L. Larson,
- Sharon E. Meidt,
- Karin M. Sandstrom,
- Eva Schinnerer,
- David A. Thilker,
- Elizabeth J. Watkins,
- Bradley C. Whitmore,
- Thomas G. Williams
Affiliations
- Hamid Hassani
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada ; [email protected]
- Erik Rosolowsky
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada ; [email protected]
- Adam K. Leroy
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Médéric Boquien
- ORCiD
- Centro de Astronomía (CITEVA), Universidad de Antofagasta , Avenida Angamos 601, Antofagasta, Chile
- Janice C. Lee
- ORCiD
- Gemini Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab , 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ, USA; Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Ashley T. Barnes
- ORCiD
- Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn , Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121, Bonn, Germany
- Francesco Belfiore
- ORCiD
- INAF—Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory , Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125, Florence, Italy
- F. Bigiel
- ORCiD
- Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn , Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121, Bonn, Germany
- Yixian Cao
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) , Giessenbachstr. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Mélanie Chevance
- ORCiD
- Universität Heidelberg , Zentrum für Astronomie, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Albert-Ueberle-Straße 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Cosmic Origins Of Life (COOL) Research DAO
- Daniel A. Dale
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming , Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Oleg V. Egorov
- ORCiD
- Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg , Mönchhofstraße 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Eric Emsellem
- ORCiD
- European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany; Univ Lyon , Univ Lyon1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574, F-69230 Saint-Genis-Laval, France
- Christopher M. Faesi
- ORCiD
- University of Connecticut , Department of Physics, 196A Auditorium Road, Unit 3046, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Kathryn Grasha
- ORCiD
- Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) , Australia
- Jaeyeon Kim
- ORCiD
- Universität Heidelberg , Zentrum für Astronomie, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Albert-Ueberle-Straße 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Ralf S. Klessen
- ORCiD
- Universität Heidelberg , Zentrum für Astronomie, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Albert-Ueberle-Straße 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Universität Heidelberg , Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Kathryn Kreckel
- ORCiD
- Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg , Mönchhofstraße 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- J. M. Diederik Kruijssen
- ORCiD
- Cosmic Origins Of Life (COOL) Research DAO
- Kirsten L. Larson
- ORCiD
- AURA for the European Space Agency (ESA), Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Sharon E. Meidt
- ORCiD
- Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent , Krijgslaan 281 S9, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
- Karin M. Sandstrom
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of California , San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Eva Schinnerer
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- David A. Thilker
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Elizabeth J. Watkins
- ORCiD
- Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg , Mönchhofstraße 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Bradley C. Whitmore
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Thomas G. Williams
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Sub-department of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aca8ab
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 944,
no. 2
p. L21
Abstract
We use PHANGS–James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) data to identify and classify 1271 compact 21 μ m sources in four nearby galaxies using MIRI F2100W data. We identify sources using a dendrogram-based algorithm, and we measure the background-subtracted flux densities for JWST bands from 2 to 21 μ m. Using the spectral energy distribution (SED) in JWST and HST bands plus ALMA and MUSE/VLT observations, we classify the sources by eye. Then we use this classification to define regions in color–color space and so establish a quantitative framework for classifying sources. We identify 1085 sources as belonging to the ISM of the target galaxies with the remainder being dusty stars or background galaxies. These 21 μ m sources are strongly spatially associated with H ii regions (>92% of sources), while 74% of the sources are coincident with a stellar association defined in the HST data. Using SED fitting, we find that the stellar masses of the 21 μ m sources span a range of 10 ^2 –10 ^4 M _⊙ with mass-weighted ages down to 2 Myr. There is a tight correlation between attenuation-corrected H α and 21 μ m luminosity for L _ν _,F2100W > 10 ^19 W Hz ^−1 . Young embedded source candidates selected at 21 μ m are found below this threshold and have M _⋆ < 10 ^3 M _⊙ .
Keywords
