NHC–metal complexes based on benzimidazolium moiety for chemical transformation

Abstract

N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are now commonly encountered in organometallic and inorganic coordination chemistry because of its environmental friendly nature as solvent and catalyst, high activity, selectivity and easily recovered materials that were used to replace the traditional volatile organic solvents which generally suffered from environmental problems. Benzimidazole based ionic liquids (BILs) offering a new possibility for developing environmentally-friendly basic catalyst with transition metal and non-transition metal (Ag, Au, Ru, Rh, Fe, Co, Cu, Cd and Pd). They are flexible, nonvolatile, noncorrosive and immiscible with many organic solvents. In this review, we wish to present an overview of the preparation and applications in various reactions like alkylation, arylation, etherification, benzoin reaction, aldol condensation and metal mediated catalyst in Suzuki, Suzuki–Miyaura, Heck cross coupling and reduction, also in electrochemical application (electrocatalyst), anion sensor, solar cell, proton conduction, malaria parasite, antimicrobial activity, etc.

Keywords

• Benzimidazolium
• NHC–metal complex
• Alkylation
• Suzuki coupling
• Regioselective
• Electrode