THE PROBLEM OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN THE MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY UNIT OF AN IN-PATIENT DEPARTMENT

Abstract

Background. According to international experts, antimicrobial resistance is the cause of more than 700 thousand fatal cases of population loss every year, of which 22 thousand are in Europe. According to international experts, by 2050 this figure could increase to 10 million people. The main reasons for the decrease in the sensitivity of microorganism strains to currently existing antimicrobial agents are: irrational use of antibacterial drugs (ABP), easy accessibility, unsatisfactory level of diagnostic methods for determining the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics in the laboratory, lack of an interagency communication algorithm to prevent the spread of antibacterial resistance and its monitoring. This article is devoted to a review of the problem of antibiotic resistance in the Russian Federation and modern methods for solving it, to consider ways to optimize them in practice, using the example of the Maxillofacial Surgery Unit. Materials and methods. The presented review is based on regulatory documents and data from domestic articles found in the Elibrary, Pubmed, and Medline databases published on this topic. An analysis of data for 2019 obtained as a result of studying medical histories and outpatient records of 423 patients with purulentinflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region was performed. 490 samples of clinical material obtained from patients were examined. Results. The analysis of modern literature data on the reduction of antibiotic resistance in the Russian Federation. A review of data of various qualitative and quantitative composition of microorganisms depending on the federal district is given. The question of the effectiveness of the appointment of antibiotic therapy in practice in the maxillofacial surgery unit of Penza Regional Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko.Conclusions. A review of scientific publications and regulatory documents made it possible to consider the problem of antibiotic resistance, relevant for all medical organizations providing medical care in a hospital, as well as to determine the shortage of specialists in clinical pharmacologists and the lack of necessary equipment to fully conduct analyzes to help solve this problem. The review revealed that an increase in antibiotic resistance leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment, to an increase in the length of stay of patients in the hospital, which is a consequence of a decrease in the working capacity of the population and additional costs of the medical organization for the maintenance of patients. In a study conducted on the basis of the Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of Penza Regional Clinical Hospital named after N. N. Burdenko revealed the effectiveness of prescribing empirical antibacterial therapy and the main etiological agents of purulent-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region. Suggested areas of application for the research results: clinical pharmacology, maxillofacial surgery.

Keywords

• antibiotic resistance
• microorganism strains
• antimicrobial agents
• maxillofacial surgery