Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України (Dec 2021)
The influence of microbial agents and biological products based on them on the biometric parameters of Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings
Abstract
To obtain high-quality planting material of Pinus sylvestris L., it seems interesting and relevant to use highly effective and environmentally friendly preparations based on live cultures of microorganisms. In addition, fungi and bacteria are able to produce biologically active substances with a stimulating galvanizing effect. The highest growth rates of Pinus sylvestris seeds in vitro conditions were found when they were treated with the strains of Trichoderma viride 2016, Trichoderma lignorum 201. The strains of Fusarium oxysporum 206, Fusarium sambucinum 16, Penicillium lanosum 201, Trichothecium roseum 2016 were less effective. The strains of Trichoderma viride 2016, Trichoderma lignorum 201, Alternaria alternata 2016 proved to be the most effective in the forest nursery for pre-sowing seed treatment. Phytotoxic effects were found in in strains of Fusarium sambucinum 2016, Penicillium variabile 16, Penicillium lanosum 201, Aspergillus fumigatus 20, Aspergillus fumigatus 2016. Seed treatment with the strains of Trichoderma viride 2016, Trichoderma viride 16 provided an increase in the height of pine seedlings by 15-19, in the diameter of the root collar – by 10-21 and in the mass of the roots – by 39-40%. The use of the strains of Trichoderma lignorum 201, Alternaria alternata 2016 increased the same indicators of seedlings, compared to the control, by 5-14, 5 and 37%, respectively. Aqueous extract of Corylus avellana leaf mortmass increased the height of pine seedlings by 19, the diameter of the root collar by 15, and the mass of roots by 30% compared to the control. For seed treatment with water extract from the leaves of Betula pendula Roth. there was an increase in seedling height by 14, in the diameter of the root collar - by 12, in the mass of the roots - by 21%. For treatment of seeds with an extract from mortmass of leaves of Tilia cordata Mill. the increase of the mentioned indicators was 13, 13, and 23%, respectively. When treating pine seeds with water extract from Quercus robur and Alnus glutinosa leaves, the growth of the seedlings was inhibited: their height decreased by 23 and 49, the diameter at the root collar - by 29 and 35, the root weight mass – by 9 and 39 %. Watering pine seedlings with water extract from the leaves of Alnus glutinosa Gaertn. in the amount of 1 liter per 1 m2 twice a week caused a decrease in the plant height by 13, in the diameter of the root collar - by 11, in the mass of the roots - by 33% compared to the control. When treating pine seeds with an extract from mortmass of Tilia cordata Mill leaves. the increase in these indicators was 13, 13, and 23%, respectively. When treating the seeds with biological preparations Trichodermin, Gaupsin, Planriz in laboratory conditions, their quality indicators in almost all variants were higher than those in the control. In the forest nursery, the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the above biological products increased the height of seedlings by 5-19, the diameter of the root collar – by 10-21, and the mass of the roots – by 38-53% compared to the control. The Mikosan-H and Fitosporin biologics proved to be less effective. Thus, under conditions of Mikosan-H pine seed treatment, the height of seedlings increased by 5, the diameter of the root collar - by 9, and the mass of the roots – by 48%. When treating pine seeds with Phytosporin, the height of seedlings and the diameter on the root collar were lower than in the control by 1%, and the mass of the roots was lower by 12%. It can be argued that the most effective biological products were Trichodermin, Gaupsin and Planriz. Pre-sowing treatment of Pinus sylvestris seeds with these biological products had a positive effect, which was reflected in an increase in the biometric parameters of tree seedlings. The highest activity in laboratory and field conditions was found in the drugs Trichodermin and Gaupsin which can be recommended for use in forestry for pre-sowing seed treatment.
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