The investigation of the efficacy of the prodrug DDI-10 against Newcastle disease virus infection in young chicken

Abstract

Introduction. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is the deadliest virus in the poultry industry. Many RNA viruses induce oxidative stress on the host during its pathogenesis, NDV being one among them. The present study aims to evaluate the protective property of novel phosphorylated DDI-10 in vivo in experimentally infected chicken. Material and methods. NDV induced oxidative damage in the liver and lung were measured by determining antioxidant enzyme levels, protein oxidation and nitration using ELISA, Western blot and immuno co-localization assay. Results. Glutathione dependent enzymes GPx, GST, and GR were significantly decreased in the NDV infected group due to pathogenesis; DDI-10 treatment was shown to significantly increase this reduced enzyme activity. In comparison to the healthy control group, protein oxidation and nitration levels were significantly increased in the NDV infected group. In the DDI-10 treated group, the oxidation and nitration levels were decreased compared to the NDV infected group. Further estimation of protein nitration and oxidation in western blot and immune co-localization assays correlated with the ELISA results; an intensified band was demonstrated in the NDV infected tissue group, in addition to a high number of co-localized cells being present in immunofluorescence-stained sections compared to control chicken tissues. These alterations were noticeably reduced in novel phosphorylated DDI-10 treatment group. Conclusions. These results suggest that DDI-10 mitigates NDV induced oxidative stress, subsequently exerting an ameliorative effect against NDV pathogenesis.

Keywords

• Newcastle disease virus
• oxidative stress
• phosphorylated compound
• Glutathione