PECULIARITIES OF THE COURSE OF THE DISEASE IN WOMEN WITH COVID-19

Abstract

One of the most crucial topics at the moment is the viral infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which has acquired not only medical, but also, of course, social significance. The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged healthcare systems around the world. Pregnant women are the most vulnerable category of people, along with the elderly. Due to low immune reactivity, they are more susceptible to severe complications than others, which makes the problem of pregnancy in patients with COVID-19 a pressing issue. A successful pregnancy requires changes in the immune system of the pregnant woman to tolerate a genetically foreign fetus. These changes in the immune system, as well as in the cardiac, pulmonary, and other systems, can lead to increased susceptibility or increased morbidity and mortality due to infection during pregnancy. Considering the physiological adaptations associated with pregnancy, we found that the high metabolic demand to maintain normal intrauterine development increases the burden of oxidative stress during pregnancy. Intracellular redox changes associated with acute phase reactions at the maternal-fetal interface may be enhanced during pregnancy. Notably, mother-to-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has not been detected in most COVID-19 pregnancies. This relative absence of vertical transmission may be due to the presence of lactoferrin in the placenta, amniotic fluid, and breast secretions. However, the cytokine storm induced during COVID-19-associated pregnancies can cause severe inflammatory damage to the fetus and, if left uncontrolled, can subsequently lead to autism spectrum disorders and brain developmental abnormalities in newborns. Given this serious health threat to a child's growth and development, preventing COVID-19 during pregnancy should be a priority. We aimed to study risk factors and assess the course of pregnancy in women with COVID-19. The study was carried out within the framework of the research work "Clinical and pathogenetic substantiation of differentiated treatment of combined pathology of internal organs" (№0122U002209).

Keywords

• Pregnancy; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine; Intrauterine Transmission; Lactoferrin; D-dimer; Cytokine Storm; Coagulopathy; Coagulation; Thrombosis.