Acta Biomedica Scientifica (May 2013)
Hygiene and prevention of the addictions in adolescents: existential-humanistic model
Abstract
The concept of existential-humanistic approach and method of primary personality-oriented prevention of addictions was done. Science-based organizational and functional mechanism of prevention had based on a model of prevention the addictions in children and adolescents. It is found out that the leading personal and psychological mechanism of formation at school students of an emotional and activity component of motivation of refusal of addictions is the interiorization of values and meanings of «healthy lifestyle» with reduction of manifestations of psychological infantility at the expense of increase in a cognitive component and existential «responsibility transfers». After training statistically reliable difference of experimental group from control group in each of the parallels of the 8, 9 and 10 classes presented in research is revealed. The quantity increased in experimental group quiet, counterbalanced and the number of irritable, uneasy school students decreased, in control group of statistically significant changes isn't revealed. Measurement of level of uneasiness on Bek's scale showed that before preventions maintenance among pupils of the 8, 9 and 10th classes of experimental group the number of persons with low level of a depression and uneasiness made 40,66 %, and by the end of the year and their quantity increased to 52 % (р ≤ 0,007). In control group by the end of the year the number of disturbing school students decreased from 32,33 % to 24,66 % (р ≤ 0,047). Number of persons having situational uneasiness (average level) and their dynamics authentically didn't change in both groups. High level of personal uneasiness at school students of experimental group was observed in 22,33 % of cases at the beginning of a year, and in the end of the year decreased to 9,33 % (р ≤ 0,0001). The number of school students with high level of a depression and uneasiness increased in control group from 32,33 % to 39,33 % (р ≤ 0,089). Thus, the model allows to lower levels of predictors of risk of abuse of addiction's, to make active antiaddiction motivation, to gain skills of counteraction to pressure of group additive norms. Dynamics of epidemiological indicators of the main addiction's diseases and frustration in 1999-2003 (years of forming experiment) and 2004-2011 (a stage of long supervision) across Mezhdurechensk in comparison with three control cities of the Kemerovo region where such work wasn't carried out was analyzed. The received epidemiological results in dynamics in 10years in the experiment region in comparison with control territories and with the Kemerovo region allowed to describe a scientific and practical phenomenon «social stability of positive effect of measures of primary prevention of dependence on addictions» which is characterized by steady statistically reliable decrease in addiction's morbidity and incidence among the population.
