Moroccan validation of the dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep (DBAS-16) scale

Abstract

Purpose: The international DBAS-16 questionnaire is an instrument that measures dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes toward sleep in the general population. It was initially developed in English in Canada by Charles Morin's team. Objective: This study aims to translate and adapt the DBAS-16 questionnaire on beliefs and attitudes toward sleep into Moroccan languages (Tamazight and Arabic) and validate it on 174 participants. Materials and methods: From September 2019 to March 2020, 174 Moroccan participants in three cities -Fes, Kénitra, and Khémisset- participated in the adaptation and validation of DBAS-16. We translated, adapted, and validated the test into Moroccan Tamazight and Arabic according to the recommendations of “Beaton et al.” We evaluated the acceptability, reliability, central tendency, and validity of DBAS-16 in the Moroccan Arabic dialect version. Results: Acceptability and reproducibility were satisfactory. The internal coherence was strong (Cronbach α = 0.773). The average overall score (standard deviation) on the Moroccan DBAS-16 scale was 1.71. The sub-scale scores were 2.20 for Consequences, 2.07 for Worry/Helplessness, 2.75 for Sleep Expectation, and 2.23 for Medication. Conclusion: Our study's results were similar to those of other countries. Moroccan versions of DBAS-16 will facilitate further studies on sleep attitudes in Morocco and elsewhere.

Keywords

• Sleep
• Transcultural adaptation
• Correlation
• DBAS-16