Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin for treating motor dysfunction in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin (BTX) for motor dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD).Design Systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sources Searches of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, from database inception to 20 October 2022.Eligibility criteria Studies reported in English with adult PD patients treated with BTX.Data extraction and synthesis Primary outcomes were United Parkinson’s Disease Rate Scale Section (UPDRS) III (or its items) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes were UPDRS-II (or its items), Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOG-Q), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). Mean difference (MD) or standardised MD (SMD) before and after treatment with 95% CIs were used for continuous variables and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs was used for TRAEs.Results Six randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and six non-RCTs (case series) were included (ntotal=224 participants, nRCT=165). No significant difference was found in pooled results of UPDRS-III (available in four RCTs and two non-RCTs, SMD=−0.19, 95% CI −0.98 to 0.60), UPDRS-II (four RCTs and one non-RCT, SMD=−0.55, 95% CI −1.22 to 0.13), FOG-Q (one RCT and one non-RCT, SMD=0.53, 95% CI −1.93 to 2.98) or the risk of TRAEs (five RCTs, RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.37 to 2.01). Significant decreases were found in pooled VAS score (three RCTs and five non-RCTs, MD=−2.14, 95% CI −3.05 to −1.23) and TUG (MD=−2.06, 95% CI −2.91 to −1.20) after BTX treatment.Conclusions BTX may not be associated with motor symptoms alleviation, although it benefits pain alleviation and functional mobility improvement.