Cardiometabolic risk indicators in individuals with bipolar disorders: a replication study

Abstract

Abstract Objectives We recently conducted the first longitudinal study comparing cardiometabolic risk indicators (CMRIs) between a cohort of individuals with bipolar disorders (BDs) and controls from the general population. Here, we sought to validate the findings in that study using an independent case-control sample. Methods We used data from the St. Göran project’s Gothenburg cohort. The BDs group and the control group were examined at baseline and after a median of eight and seven years, respectively. Data collection occurred between March 2009 and June 2022. We used multiple imputation to handle missing data and linear mixed effects model to examine the annual change in CMRIs over the study period. Results The baseline cohort included 407 individuals with BDs (mean age 40 years, 63% women) and 56 controls (mean age 43 years, 54% women). Of those, 63 persons with BDs and 42 controls participated at follow-up. At baseline, individuals with BDs had significantly higher mean values of body mass index (β = 0.14, p = 0.003) than controls. Over the study period, the difference in average annual change between the patient and the control group indicated an increase in patients relative to controls in waist-to-hip ratio (0.004 unit/year, p = 0.01), diastolic (0.6 mm Hg/year, p = 0.048), and systolic (0.8 mm Hg/year, p = 0.02) blood pressure. Conclusions This study replicated the main findings from our previous study and showed that central obesity and measures of blood pressure worsened over a relatively short time in individuals with BDs relative to controls. It is vital for clinicians to monitor CMRIs in persons with BDs and to be proactive in preventing cardiometabolic diseases in this high-risk group.

Keywords

• Bipolar disorder
• Cardiovascular disease
• Body mass index
• Waist hip ratio
• Blood pressure