Is there an association between lymph node size and hyperprogression in immunotherapy-treated patients?

Abstract

Background: Hyperprogressive disease (HPD) can be described as an accelerated increase in the growth rate of tumors combined with rapid clinical deterioration observed in a subset of cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy, specifically with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The reported incidence of HPD ranges from 5.9% to 43.1% in patients receiving ICIs. In this context, identifying reliable predictive risk factors for HPD is crucial as it may allow for earlier intervention and ultimately improve patient outcomes.

Keywords

• hyperprogressive disease
• immunotherapy
• lymph nodes
• renal cell carcinoma
• risk factors