Microvascular free flap coverage of complex soft tissue defects after revision total knee arthroplasty: a cross-sectional observation study

Abstract

Background and purpose: Soft tissue defects after total knee arthroplasties (TKA) represent a major orthopedic challenge with amputation as a feared outcome. Microvascular free flap coverage (FFC) can increase limb salvage rates, but complications related to the procedure are yet to be explored further. We aimed to review a single-center experience with FFC for soft tissue defects related to revision total knee arthroplasty. Methods: Through a retrospective chart review from 2006 to 2021, we identified all patients who had FFC of a knee with an existing TKA. Typically, patients underwent 2-stage revision arthroplasty. To identify areas of intervention, we divided the entire regimen into 2 phases divided by the free flap surgery (pre- and post-free flap). Results: We identified 18 patients with a median age at free flap surgery of 69 years (range 39–85), who were followed for a median of 5.1 years (range 2 months to 10.6 years). The median duration from primary TKA to their final operation was 17.5 months (range 19 days to 7 years). Patients underwent a mean of 7.6 surgical procedures on their knee with 3.6 orthopedic revisions prior to the FFC and 0.6 after. Soft tissue coverage was achieved in all patients and no patients underwent amputation. One-third of patients experienced early complications at recipient site after free flap surgery. There were no donor site complications. Conclusion: Microvascular FFC of complex soft tissue defects after revision total knee arthroplasty proved achievable in all patients with successful limb salvage in all patients.

Keywords

• Arthroplasty
• Free flap
• Implants
• Infection
• Knee
• Microsurgery