Evaluation of arterial stiffness in primary atherogenic dyslipidemias

Abstract

Background: Arterial stiffness [assessed with pulse wave velocity (PWV)] can predict atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Objective: To evaluate arterial stiffness in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL). Methods: Patients were paired with a healthy control group and arterial stiffness was measured using carotid femoral PWV. Linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between PWV and clinical status. Results: The participants included 99 (50.0%) controls, 73 (36.8%) FH, and 26 (13.2%) FCHL. There was no significant difference in PWV among the three groups. The FCHL group had a numerically higher augmentation index (AIX75%) compared to the FH group. The FH group had an increased likelihood (OR: 2.450, 95% CI: 1.151-5.338; p = 0.021) of a decreased Buckberg subendocardial viability ratio (SERV) index, suggesting low coronary blood flow. Conclusions: This pilot study provides initial insights into subclinical atherosclerosis in primary dyslipidemias. Patients with FCHL had greater arterial stiffness compared to the other groups. Studies with a larger number of participants, ideally statin-free, are necessary to confirm findings.

Keywords

• Buckberg SEVR. AIx75%. Pulse wave velocity. Familial hypercholesterolemia. Familial combined hyperlipidemia.