اقتصاد باثبات (Jun 2024)
The determinants of Iranian female migration with an emphasis on the miserable index and control of corruption
Abstract
One of the most important developments in international immigration is the increase in the number and share of women in the migration process. Due to the phenomenon of feminization of migration and the lack of studies on the migration of Iranian women to the destination countries of migration, we decided to study the most important factors affecting this phenomenon in Iran. Therefore, in this research, using the data on Iranian women's migration to developed countries and the two-stage panel generalized moments method (PGMM), the factors affecting the international migration of Iranian women were investigated from 2011 to 2021. Based on the estimation results, the misery index has a positive effect, and control of corruption has a negative and significant effect on women's migration. In addition, the increase in women's participation rates can be a deterrent for women’s international migration. Considering the low rate of women’s participation, which is one of the lowest rates in the Middle East region, and which is a sign of structural problems in the labor market, it is a warning for macroeconomic policymakers that due to the increasing literacy level of women and their self-confidence, and in order to preserve this human capital, examining the situation of the women's labor market and solving its challenges should be prioritized. The ratio of the economic growth of the destination countries of women's migration to the economic growth of Iran, as well as the ratio of the per capita income of the destination countries to Iran, has a positive and significant effect on the migration of Iranian women. These ratios show the welfare difference between the destination countries and Iran, which acts as an attractor not only for women's migration but also for men's migration. Therefore, it is expected that with the appropriate policies in the economy and society and the improvement of economic and welfare conditions, we will not witness the departure of human resources and the wastage of human capital.
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