Roughness development in electrodeposited soft magnetic CoNiFe films in the presence of organic additives

Abstract

The effects of three additives, sodium lauryl sulfate (NaLS), saccharin (Sacc), and NaLS + Sacc, on roughness development during the electrodeposition of CoNiFe films were investigated. The characterization of these films by atomic force microscopy shows that the electrodeposits produced from NaLS containing solution result in a rough surface. The role of NaLS surfactant is to change the interfacial tension and clean non-polar species like hydrogen bubbles from the surface. In Sacc containing solution, the evolution of a smooth surface is controlled by adsorbed Sacc molecule at the interface. The kinetic roughening of these deposits was investigated by dynamic scaling analysis. It was demonstrated that the roughness of CoNiFe films, obtained in the presence of NaLS + Sacc additives, was also dependent on current density, roughness of substrate, and the temperature of plating bath.

Keywords

• soft magnetic CoNiFe films
• morphology
• roughness
• saccharin
• sodium lauryl sulfate
• dynamic scaling analysis