Isolated and combined degenerative tan- dem cervical and lumbar spinal stenoses: literature review

Abstract

The paper presents detailed definitions, anatomical features and analytical data on the epidemiology and etiopathogene- sis of isolated lumbar and cervical spinal stenoses and their combinations (tandem stenoses). Most widely used classifica- tions of stenosing processes of the spine, modern X-ray imaging methods for diagnosis of spinal stenosis and approaches to surgical treatment are described.

Keywords

• spinal canal stenosis
• isolated stenosis
• tandem stenosis
• degenerative diseases of the spine
• diagnosis
• surgical treatment