Effect of adding midazolam to intrathecal bupivacaine in children undergoing lower abdominal surgeries: A randomised controlled trial

Abstract

Background and Aims: Avoidance of general anaesthesia for short-duration surgeries is a prerequisite, especially for children. Spinal anaesthesia is established as an appropriate anaesthetic procedure for this target. Midazolam has been proven to be safe for children as premedication. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding midazolam to intrathecal bupivacaine on intraoperative quality, duration of spinal anaesthesia and postoperative (PO) analgesia for children undergoing lower abdominal surgeries. Methods: A prospective, comparative interventional study included 120 paediatric patients who were randomly divided into two groups that received intrathecal bupivacaine plus normal saline (B/S) or intrathecal bupivacaine plus midazolam (B/M). The efficacy of PO analgesia was assessed using the observational pain–discomfort scale (OPS). Duration of PO analgesia was measured, and recovery of motor block was assessed every 30 min till the Bromage scale reached 0. The level of PO sedation was assessed using the modified Wilson Sedation Score (WSS). Results were analysed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, Mann–Whitney test and Chi-square test. Results: Onset of sensory and motor blocks was significantly faster, and the frequency of patients having Bromage score of 3 within ≤10 min was significantly higher in group B/M than group B/S. Durations till sensory and motor recovery were significantly longer, the number of requests for PO analgesia was significantly lower and the mean of WSS was significantly higher at 30 and 120 min in group B/M than group B/S. Conclusion: Intrathecal bupivacaine–midazolam combination significantly prolonged the duration of spinal anaesthesia and provided prolonged PO analgesia.

Keywords

• bupivacaine
• intrathecal injection
• midazolam
• paediatric
• pain
• postoperative