Frontiers in Oncology (Sep 2022)

The burden of prostate cancer in North Africa and Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings from the global burden of disease study

  • Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari,
  • Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam,
  • Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari,
  • Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy,
  • Mohammad-Reza Malekpour,
  • Negar Rezaei,
  • Negar Rezaei,
  • Nazila Rezaei,
  • Ali-Asghar Kolahi,
  • GBD 2019 NAME Prostate Cancer Collaborators,
  • Erfan Amini,
  • Erfan Amini,
  • Ali H. Mokdad,
  • Ali H. Mokdad,
  • Hamidreza Jamshidi,
  • Mohsen Naghavi,
  • Bagher Larijani,
  • Farshad Farzadfar,
  • Farshad Farzadfar,
  • Behzad Abbasi,
  • Hassan Abidi,
  • Eman Abu-Gharbieh,
  • Muhammad Sohail Afzal,
  • Araz Ramazan Ahmad,
  • Sajjad Ahmad,
  • Ali Ahmadi,
  • Sepideh Ahmadi,
  • Haroon Ahmed,
  • Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi,
  • Hamed Akhavizadegan,
  • Hanadi Al Hamad,
  • Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa,
  • Yousef Alimohamadi,
  • Syed Mohamed Aljunid,
  • Omar Almidani,
  • Jalal Arabloo,
  • Morteza Arab-Zozani,
  • Seyyed Shamsadin Athari,
  • Sina Azadnajafabad,
  • Amirhossein Azari Jafari,
  • Nayereh Baghcheghi,
  • Nader Bagheri,
  • Sara Bagherieh,
  • Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha,
  • Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula,
  • Ali Bijani,
  • Nadeem Shafique Butt,
  • Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani,
  • Ahmad Daryani,
  • Mostafa Dianatinasab,
  • Iman El Sayed,
  • Muhammed Elhadi,
  • Ali Fatehizadeh,
  • Masood Fereidoonnezhad,
  • Masoud Foroutan,
  • Maryam Gholamalizadeh,
  • Pouya Goleij,
  • Mohamad Golitaleb,
  • Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari,
  • Nima Hafezi-Nejad,
  • Arvin Haj-Mirzaian,
  • Samer Hamidi,
  • Shafiul Haque,
  • Khezar Hayat,
  • Mohammad-Salar Hosseini,
  • Mowafa Househ,
  • Elham Jamshidi,
  • Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani,
  • Farahnaz Joukar,
  • Ali Kabir,
  • Rohollah Kalhor,
  • Amirali Karimi,
  • Yousef Saleh Khader,
  • Javad Khanali,
  • Behzad Kiani,
  • Hamid Reza Koohestani,
  • Somayeh Livani,
  • Farzan Madadizadeh,
  • Ahmad R. Mafi,
  • Ata Mahmoodpoor,
  • Keivan Majidzadeh-A,
  • Reza Malekzadeh,
  • Ahmad Azam Malik,
  • Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei,
  • Seyed Farzad Maroufi,
  • Entezar Mehrabi Nasab,
  • Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni,
  • Yousef Mohammad,
  • Esmaeil Mohammadi,
  • Saeed Mohammadi,
  • Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani,
  • Sara Momtazmanesh,
  • Rahmatollah Moradzadeh,
  • Paula Moraga,
  • Mohammadreza Naghipour,
  • Zuhair S. Natto,
  • Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi,
  • Maryam Noori,
  • Ali Nowroozi,
  • Hassan Okati-Aliabad,
  • Reza Pakzad,
  • Zahra Zahid Piracha,
  • Faheem Hyder Pottoo,
  • Alireza Rafiei,
  • Vahid Rahmanian,
  • Mahsa Rashidi,
  • Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi,
  • Mohammad Sadegh Razeghinia,
  • Mohsen Rezaeian,
  • Umar Saeed,
  • Maryam Sahebazzamani,
  • Amirhossein Sahebkar,
  • Abdallah M. Samy,
  • Muhammad Arif Nadeem Saqib,
  • Brijesh Sathian,
  • Sadaf G. Sepanlou,
  • Saeed Shahabi,
  • Masood Ali Shaikh,
  • Sara Sheikhbahaei,
  • Reza Shirkoohi,
  • Parnian Shobeiri,
  • Muhammad Suleman,
  • Amir Tiyuri,
  • Irfan Ullah,
  • Faezeh Vakhshiteh,
  • Sahel Valadan Tahbaz,
  • Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari,
  • Fereshteh Yazdanpanah,
  • Deniz Yuce,
  • Mazyar Zahir,
  • Maryam Zamanian,
  • Iman Zare,
  • Mohammad Zoladl

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.961086
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 12

Abstract

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BackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent cancer among men worldwide. This study presents estimates of PCa prevalence, incidence, death, years-of-life-lost (YLLs), years-lived-with-disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted-life-years (DALYs), and the burden attributable to smoking during 1990-2019 in North Africa and Middle East using data of Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study 2019.MethodsThis study is a part of GBD 2019. Using vital registration and cancer registry data, the estimates on PCa burden were modeled. Risk factor analysis was performed through the six-step conceptual framework of Comparative Risk Assessment.ResultsThe age-standardized rates (95% UI) of PCa incidence, prevalence, and death in 2019 were 23.7 (18.5-27.9), 161.1 (126.6-187.6), and 11.7 (9.4-13.9) per 100,000 population. While PCa incidence and prevalence increased by 77% and 144% during 1990-2019, respectively, the death rate stagnated. Of the 397% increase in PCa new cases, 234% was due to a rise in the age-specific incidence rate, 79% due to population growth, and 84% due to population aging. The YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs of PCa increased by 2% (-11.8-23.1), 108% (75.5-155.1), and 6% (-8.9-28.1). The death rate and DALYs rate attributable to smoking have decreased 12% and 10%, respectively. The DALYs rate attributable to smoking was 37.4 (15.9-67.8) in Lebanon and 5.9 (2.5-10.6) in Saudi Arabia, which were the highest and lowest in the region, respectively.ConclusionsThe PCa incidence and prevalence rates increased during 1990-2019; however, the death rate stagnated. The increase in the incidence was mostly due to the rise in the age-specific incidence rate, rather than population growth or aging. The burden of PCa attributable to smoking has decreased in the past 30 years.

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