Overview of bio-based hydrogel fibers

Abstract

Hydrogel fibers, which combine the one-dimensional macroscopic structure of fibers with the three-dimensional microscopic structure of hydrogels, have become a prominent research focus in the field of new fiber materials both domestically and internationally. Bio-based hydrogel fibers, in particular, have garnered significant attention due to their excellent biocompatibility and natural degradability. To gain a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the research status and development trends of bio-based hydrogel fibers, this study reviews domestic and international research achievements on various types of bio-based hydrogel fibers, including those based on proteins, cellulose, and alginates. The preparation methods, key properties, and composite advantages of these fibers are detailed. Protein-based hydrogel fibers, represented by silk fibroin and collagen, exhibit remarkable plasticity. Cellulose-based fibers are often constructed through physical cross-linking and are commonly used as reinforcing materials. Composite alginatebased hydrogel fibers exhibit diverse preparation methods and wide applicability. Furthermore, the applications of biobased hydrogel fibers in biomedical fields, such as wound dressings, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering, are discussed. Their uses in flexible sensing areas, including strain, pressure, temperature, and humidity sensing, are also covered. Finally, the opportunities and challenges in developing hydrogel fibers based on natural biomass materials are presented, providing a valuable reference for further advancements in creating high-performance, multifunctional, and environmentally friendly bio-based hydrogel fibers.

Keywords

• biomass materials
• hydrogel fibers
• protein
• cellulose
• alginate