Green chemistry and catalysis: An emerging sustainable approach in synthetic chemistry

Abstract

This tutorial review summarizes the basic new concepts of green chemistry in relation to education and pharmaceutical industries. The origin and history of Green analytical chemistry is described in detail. Basic twelve principles are well summarized with suitable examples of each principle such as oxidation of alcohol, enzymatic reactions, and non-covalent derivatization. This article also covers the concept of E-factor for waste minimization, detailed various solvent selection guidelines and tools for betterment of synthetic pathways at laboratory and industrial level. The efficiency of green chemistry in organic synthesis for greenness of traditional organic synthesis methods are discussed. Nowadays, there is a constant need to add catalysts for chemical synthesis to minimize or downsize the risks correspondent with chemical manufacture. Catalyst helps to enhance air quality by reducing harmful gas emissions such as NOx. It cuts down on the use of VOCs (volatile organic compounds). It developed an alternative catalytic method which substitutes the usage of chlorine-based intermediates in chemical synthesis and processes. Biocatalysts is a term used to describe compounds that aid in the stimulation of biological reactions. In the fine chemical industry, cleaner biocatalytic alternatives are replacing traditional chemical operations.