Heliyon (Nov 2023)
42CrMo4 steel flow behavior characterization for high temperature closed dies hot forging in automotive components applications
Abstract
The application of new forming processes as the high temperature hot forging in closed dies in an industrial environment still requires further investigation due to the lack of flow stress data at these temperatures. To determine the flow behavior of the 42CrMo4 steel at high temperatures hot compression tests have been carried out in a Gleeble® 3800 thermomechanical tester for a temperature range that covers the material behavior from the hot forging until the Nil Ductility Temperature (1250 °C-1375 °C) and for three different orders of magnitudes for the strain rates (0.1 s−1, 1 s−1 and 10 s−1). Then, the Hansel-Spittel model, widely used in automotive commercial software as FORGE®, has been employed to obtain the adequate constants of the constitutive equation for high temperatures.Finally, the newly obtained flow behavior model has been validated by comparison between experimental and simulated compression tests and by the process simulation of a commercial automotive component comparing the results of the simulation with the already made experimental tests in a laboratory cellule of the new technology.Hence, this paper shows the procedure for the determination and the obtention of a new constitutive model for the 42CrMo4 steel flow stress characterization at a temperature range between 1250 °C–1375 °C. This will contribute in the knowledge of material flow stress behavior models at high temperatures and will allow the prediction or simulation of high temperature hot forging in closed dies processes, enhancing the possibility of the application of these technologies from an industrial point of view.
