On developing a new ionospheric plasma index for Brazilian equatorial F region irregularities

Abstract

F region vertical drifts (Vz) are the result of the interaction between ionospheric plasma with the zonal electric field and the Earth's magnetic field. Abrupt variations in Vz are strongly associated with the occurrence of plasma irregularities (spread F) during the nighttime periods. These irregularities are manifestations of space weather in the ionosphere's environment without necessarily requiring a solar burst. In this context, the Brazilian Space Weather Study and Monitoring Program (Embrace) of the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) has been developing different indexes to analyze these ionospheric irregularities in the Brazilian sector. Therefore, the main purpose of this work is to produce a new ionospheric scale based on the analysis of the ionospheric plasma drift velocity, named AV. It is based on the maximum value of Vz (Vzp), which in turn is calculated through its relationship with the virtual height parameter, h′F, measured by the Digisonde Portable Sounder (DPS-4D) installed in São Luís (2∘ S, 44∘ W; dip: −2.3∘). This index quantifies the time relationship between the Vz peak and the irregularity observed in the ionograms. Thus, in this study, we analyzed 7 years of data, between 2009 and 2015, divided by season in order to construct a standardized scale. The results show there is a delay of at least 15 min between the Vzp observation and the irregularity occurrence. Finally, we believe that this proposed index allows for evaluating the impacts of ionospheric phenomena in the space weather environment.