SEMANTICS OF COLLOCATIONS WITH THE GENERAL MEANING «THE RICH AND THE POOR» IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

Abstract

Purpose. The article deals with features of the semantic structure of collocations with the general meaning “the rich and the poor”, which represent the semantic fields of “wealth” and “poverty”. The purpose of the investigation is to characterize linguistic units at the lexical, morphological, syntactic levels in texts of four chronological periods: in Old Russian texts, literary texts of the XIX, XX, and XXI centuries. Metodology. The investigation has been conducted with the involvement of material and tools of the National corps of the Russian language. Author uses methods of component, distribution and contextual analysis. Results. The results of the study are that the general semantic component in the semantic structure is determined. This component is a generalized situation of the context. The author highlights the contextual situations of association, separation (opposition) and neutralization. It is established that in the text of the XIX century. The situation of association between subjects is the most representative in the texts of the XIX and XXI centuries. In the XX century the most representative is the context of neutralization, that is based on ideological reasons. Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied for academic lexicology courses, special linguoculturology and linguocognitive science courses, and for making defining, ideografic, dtachronic, paradigmatical dictionaries.

Keywords

• богатые
• бедные
• семантическое поле
• сочинительное словосочетание
• русский язык
• синхрония
• диахрония.