Berberine Nanoparticles with Enhanced in vitro Bioavailability: Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity [Retraction]

Abstract

Sahibzada MUK, Sadiq A, Faidah HS, et al. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018;12:303-312. We, the Editors and Publisher of Drug Design, Development and Therapy, have retracted the following article. Following publication of the article, concerns were raised regarding the duplication of nanoparticles within the SEM images shown in Figures 1 and 2. These duplicated regions did not appear to be part of the original SEM images. The authors responded to our queries but were unable to provide a sufficient explanation for the duplicated nanoparticles or provide the original SEM images for the study. As verifying the validity of published work is core to the integrity of the scholarly record, we are therefore retracting the article and the authors were notified of this. We have been informed in our decision-making by our editorial policies and COPE guidelines. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as ‘Retracted’.

Keywords

• berberine
• epn
• apsp
• bioavailability
• dissolution
• antibacterial activity