Accurate graphene quantum Hall arrays for the new International System of Units

Abstract

The 2019 redefinition of the International System of Units requires a 100 Ω quantum resistance standard for the ideal electrical realization of the kilogram via the Kibble Balance. Here, the authors report the realization of an array of 236 graphene quantum Hall bars, demonstrating a quantized resistance of 109 Ω with an accuracy of 0.2 nΩ/Ω over an extended range of bias currents.