Hydrogen Storage System Attained by HCOOH-CO₂ Couple: Recent Developments in Pd-Based Carbon-Supported Heterogeneous Catalysts

Abstract

The present review revisits representative studies addressing the development of efficient Pd-based carbon-supported heterogeneous catalysts for two important reactions, namely, the production of hydrogen from formic acid and the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into formic acid. The HCOOH-CO2 system is considered a promising couple for a hydrogen storage system involving an ideal carbon-neutral cycle. Significant advancements have been achieved in the catalysts designed to catalyze the dehydrogenation of formic acid under mild reaction conditions, while much effort is still needed to catalyze the challenging CO2 hydrogenation reaction. The design of Pd-based carbon-supported heterogeneous catalysts for these reactions encompasses both the modulation of the properties of the active phase (particle size, composition, and electronic properties) and the modification of the supports by means of the incorporation of nitrogen functional groups. These approaches are herein summarized to provide a compilation of the strategies followed in recent studies and to set the basis for a hydrogen storage system attained using the HCOOH-CO2 couple.

Keywords

• hydrogen storage
• formic acid
• CO₂
• carbon materials
• heterogeneous catalysts