A Systematic Review of Tools and Recommendations Advising on the Use of Qualitative Data to Inform Epidemic Response Efforts in Low- and Middle-Income Settings

Abstract

This review aimed to identify and critically assess tools and recommendations (collectively referred to as resources) advising on the use of qualitative data to inform epidemic response in low and middle income countries (LMICs). In doing so, we seek to improve the quality of these resources and ultimately support better integration of qualitative data in epidemic response initiatives. Literature were identified through three academic research databases and one gray literature repository. The search was conducted in April 2020 and updated in February 2021. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis checklist was adhered to. Furthermore, quality assessment tools were used for both academic (the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool) and gray literature (the AACODS checklist standing for authority, accuracy, coverage, objectivity, date, and significance). The searches yielded 4,152 articles, of which 65 met the inclusion criteria. Identified tools and recommendations rarely provided sufficient information on how they should be implemented, who their intended audiences were, how they might be adapted across contexts and whether they might be useful to researchers on a longer or shorter timeframe. A significant amount of work remains to further develop the resources available to guide the use of qualitative data within the context of epidemic outbreaks in LMICs. Key considerations and implications based on the review outcomes are discussed.