Shape of the OGTT glucose response curve: relationship with β-cell function and differences by sex, race, and BMI in adults with early type 2 diabetes treated with metformin

• C Wright,
• C Sanders,
• C Wilson,
• L Tucker,
• S Jones,
• S Douglass,
• C Patel,
• A Kumar,
• S Smith,
• C Adams,
• R Hill,
• D Martin,
• M Lee,
• J Cook,
• M Jackson,
• G Riera,
• E González,
• J Park,
• S Yang,
• A Carlson,
• C Martin,
• A Krol,
• A Sood,
• J Martinez,
• C DeSouza,
• M Johnson,
• L Estrada,
• A Jackson,
• K Martin,
• SA Khan,
• J Craig,
• A Kuhn,
• Deborah J Wexler,
• R Chatterjee,
• J Kerr,
• W Taylor,
• R Henry,
• R Fraser,
• Kieren J Mather,
• M Larkin,
• E King,
• E Diaz,
• J Marks,
• A Ross,
• M Khalid,
• J Barzilay,
• B Chambers,
• G Montes,
• C Jensen,
• J McConnell,
• R Nelson,
• S Morton,
• M Curtis,
• P Wilson,
• L Young,
• M Fürst,
• C Newman,
• S Kuo,
• N Rasouli,
• A Werner,
• A Ghazi,
• F Ismail-Beigi,
• P Kringas,
• C Baker,
• E Ellis,
• Philip Raskin,
• A Cherian,
• L Holloway,
• M Madden,
• B Hollis,
• G Fuller,
• B Steiner,
• K Stokes,
• T Lowe,
• K Chu,
• S Durán,
• A Alfred,
• John M Lachin,
• T Hamilton,
• J Costello,
• E Burgess,
• R Garg,
• C Stevens,
• T Tran,
• M Hurtado,
• H Schneier,
• R Lorch,
• M Mullen,
• J Bantle,
• K Arnold,
• D Wexler,
• Neda Rasouli,
• D Howard,
• J Tejada,
• S Hernandez,
• E Schroeder,
• S Kunkel,
• G Lord,
• A Smiley,
• E Debnam,
• H Petrovitch,
• B Kauffman,
• V Jenkins,
• B Cramer,
• Kristina M Utzschneider,
• Naji Younes,
• Joshua I Barzilay,
• Mary Ann Banerji,
• Robert M Cohen,
• Erica V Gonzalez,
• Faramarz Ismail-Beigi,
• Steven E Kahn,
• JP Crandall,
• MD McKee,
• S Behringer-Massera,
• J Brown-Friday,
• E Xhori,
• K Ballentine-Cargill,
• H Estrella,
• S Gonzalez de la torre,
• J Lukin,
• LS Phillips,
• D Olson,
• M Rhee,
• TS Raines,
• J Boers,
• C Gullett,
• M Maher-Albertelli,
• R Mungara,
• L Savoye,
• CA White,
• F Morehead,
• S Person,
• M Sibymon,
• S Tanukonda,
• A Balasubramanyam,
• R Gaba,
• P Hollander,
• E Roe,
• P Burt,
• K Chionh,
• C Falck-Ytter,
• L Sayyed Kassem,
• M Tiktin,
• T Kulow,
• KA Stancil,
• J Iacoboni,
• MV Kononets,
• G McPhee AMaxwell,
• L Colosimo,
• R Goland,
• J Pring,
• L Alfano,
• C Hausheer,
• K Gumpel,
• A Kirpitch,
• JB Green,
• H AbouAssi,
• MN Feinglos,
• J English Jones,
• RP Zimmer,
• BM Satterwhite,
• K Evans Kreider,
• CR Thacker,
• CN Mariash,
• KJ Mather,
• A Lteif,
• V Pirics,
• D Aguillar,
• S Hurt,
• R Bergenstal,
• T Martens,
• J Hyatt,
• H Willis,
• W Konerza,
• K Kleeberger,
• R Passi,
• S Fortmann,
• M Herson,
• K Mularski,
• H Glauber,
• J Prihoda,
• B Ash,
• C Carlson,
• PA Ramey,
• E Schield,
• B Torgrimson-Ojerio,
• E Panos,
• S Sahnow,
• K Bays,
• K Berame,
• D Ghioni,
• J Gluth,
• K Schell,
• J Criscola,
• C Friason,
• S Nazarov,
• N Rassouli,
• R Puttnam,
• B Ojoawo,
• C Sanders-Jones,
• Z El-Haqq,
• A Kolli,
• J Meigs,
• A Dushkin,
• G Rocchio,
• M Yepes,
• H Dulin,
• M Cayford,
• A DeManbey,
• M Hillard,
• N Thangthaeng,
• L Gurry,
• R Kochis,
• E Raymond,
• V Ripley,
• V Aroda,
• Ann Ressing,
• A Loveland,
• M Hamm,
• F Mofor,
• HJ Florez,
• WM Valencia,
• S Casula,
• L Oropesa-Gonzalez,
• L Hue,
• AK Riccio Veliz,
• R Nieto-Martinez,
• M Gutt,
• A Ahmann,
• D Aby-Daniel,
• F Joarder,
• V Morimoto,
• C Sprague,
• D Yamashita,
• N Cady,
• N Rivera-Eschright,
• P Kirchhoff,
• B Morales Gomez,
• J Adducci,
• A Goncharova,
• SH Hox,
• M Matwichyna,
• NO Bermudez,
• L Broadwater,
• RR Ishii,
• DS Hsia,
• WT Cefalu,
• FL Greenway,
• C Waguespack,
• N Haynes,
• A Thomassie,
• B Bourgeois,
• C Hazlett,
• S Mudaliar,
• S Boeder,
• J Pettus,
• D Garcia-Acosta,
• S Maggs,
• C DeLue,
• E Castro,
• J Krakoff,
• JM Curtis,
• T Killean,
• E Joshevama,
• K Tsingine,
• T Karshner,
• J Albu,
• FX Pi-Sunyer,
• S Frances,
• C Maggio,
• J Bastawrose,
• X Gong,
• MA Banerji,
• D Lorber,
• NM Brown,
• DH Josephson,
• LL Thomas,
• M Tsovian,
• MH Jacobson,
• MM Mishko,
• MS Kirkman,
• JB Buse,
• J Dostou,
• K Bergamo,
• A Goley,
• JF Largay,
• S Guarda,
• J Cuffee,
• D Culmer,
• H Almeida,
• S Coffer,
• L Kiker,
• K Josey,
• WT Garvey,
• A Cherrington,
• D Golson,
• MC Robertson,
• A Agne,
• S McCullars,
• RM Cohen,
• MC Rogge,
• K Kersey,
• S Lipp,
• MB Vonder Meulen,
• C Underkofler,
• S Steiner,
• W Sivitz,
• E Cline,
• L Knosp,
• WH Herman,
• R Pop-Busui,
• MH Tan,
• A Waltje,
• A Katona,
• L Goodhall,
• R Eggleston,
• K Whitley,
• S Bule,
• N Kessler,
• E LaSalle,
• ER Seaquist,
• A Bantle,
• T Harindhanavudhi,
• B Redmon,
• M Coe,
• M Mech,
• A Taddese,
• L Lesne,
• L Kuechenmeister,
• V Shivaswamy,
• AL Morales,
• K Seipel,
• J Eggert,
• R Tillson,
• DS Schade,
• A Adolphe,
• M Burge,
• E Duran-Valdez,
• P August,
• MG Rodriguez,
• JB Kimpel,
• O Griffith

Affiliations

C Wright

1 Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary’s Hospital, Praed Street, London, UK

C Sanders

Wirral University Teaching Hospital Foundation Trust, Wirral Community Foundation Trust, Hospice UK/National Council for Palliative Care, NHS Improvement

C Wilson

L Tucker

Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

S Jones

2Aneurin Bevan Weight Management Clinic, Ebbw Vale, UK

S Douglass

2Central and West Unscheduled Care Collaborative, London, UK

C Patel

University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK

A Kumar

Senior registrar

S Smith

St George’s Healthcare Trust, London, UK

C Adams

2Institute of Health Visiting, Royal Society for Public Health, London, UK

R Hill

4Scottish Clinical Trials Research Unit, Edinburgh, UK

D Martin

Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK

M Lee

1Paediatric Department, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK

J Cook

3Make-A-Wish UK, Reading, UK

M Jackson

1Southmead Neonatal Unit, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK

G Riera

1Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Pharmacy Department, Alicante, Spain

E González

3Oncologic Institute Angel Roffo. University of BuenosAires.Argentina, Mastology, Buenos Aires, Argentina

J Park

Samsung Medical Centre, Department of Pharmacy, Seoul, South Korea

S Yang

Department of Neurosurgery, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea, Republic Of

A Carlson

2Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM

C Martin

University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, North Humberside, UK

A Krol

St George’s University Hospitals, Department of Anaesthesia and Chronic Pain Service, London, UK

A Sood

1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gynecologic Oncology, Houston, USA

J Martinez

Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar

C DeSouza

5Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Boston, USA

M Johnson

Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

L Estrada

3Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain

A Jackson

1English Institute of Sport, London, UK

K Martin

Aff1 grid.410567.1Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland

SA Khan

Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon

J Craig

1Neurology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Co Antrim, UK

A Kuhn

3Neuroradiology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA

Deborah J Wexler

Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

R Chatterjee

4Cloud Data Specialist, Google, London, UK

J Kerr

Department of Microbiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK

W Taylor

1Department of Clinical Chemistry, The University of Liverpool

R Henry

3Craigavon Area Hospital, Craigavon, UK

R Fraser

1Paediatric Critical Care, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK

Kieren J Mather

Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

M Larkin

2Aston University, Birmingham, UK

E King

Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK

E Diaz

Rheumatology, Colombian Association of Rheumatology, Bogota, Colombia

J Marks

A Ross

Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK

M Khalid

Mid-Western Regional Orthopaedic Hospital, Limerick, Republic of Ireland

J Barzilay

B Chambers

1Institute of Education, University of London, London, UK

G Montes

1Ralph C. Wilson Jr. School of Education, St. John Fisher College/Children’s Institute Inc., Rochester, USA

C Jensen

1Department Af Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark

J McConnell

Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, School of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

R Nelson

New York University, Gynecologic Oncology, New York, USA

S Morton

1Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK

M Curtis

Kingston Hospital NHS Trust, Kinston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK

P Wilson

General Practice and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

L Young

Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK

M Fürst

Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Bad Bramstedt, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

C Newman

6South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Guildford, UK

S Kuo

Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Pharmacy Dept, London, UK

N Rasouli

University Hospital Brussels, Pharmacy Department, Brussels, Belgium

A Werner

Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

A Ghazi

Goodman Cancer Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada

F Ismail-Beigi

P Kringas

College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University, Doris Duke Clinical Research Fellowship Program, New York, NY

C Baker

Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, USA

E Ellis

University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

Philip Raskin

From the Department of Internal Medicine (L.A.-S., K.S., P.R.) and General Clinical Research Center (B.A.-H.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX. This project was sponsored in part by the National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K08 award DK 02606) and the National Institutes for General Clinical Research Centers (M01-RR00633)

A Cherian

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, India

L Holloway

JC Self Research Institute of Human Genetics, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA

M Madden

B Hollis

G Fuller

2University of Sheffield, UK

B Steiner

Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rostock

K Stokes

T Lowe

K Chu

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA

S Durán

Department of Medicine (Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology), Schools of Medicine And Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA

A Alfred

Orthopaedic Unit, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston PR2 9HT, UK

John M Lachin

The George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA

T Hamilton

J Costello

Department of Accident & Emergency Medicine, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 6AB

E Burgess

Office of Medical Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

R Garg

World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

C Stevens

Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

T Tran

Department of Radiology, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK

M Hurtado

Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Materno-Infantil, Hospitals Vall d’Hebrón, Pg Vall d’Hebrón 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain

H Schneier

4Forest Research Institute, Jersey City, United States

R Lorch

3The Kirby Institute, University of New South UK

M Mullen

1Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, UK

J Bantle

Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota

K Arnold

D Wexler

The Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, affiliated to the Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv Israel

Neda Rasouli

1Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA

D Howard

J Tejada

Department of Neurology, Hospital Virgen Blanca, León, Spain

S Hernandez

1CNRS UMR8256, Neuronal Biology and Pathology, Paris, France

E Schroeder

S Kunkel

G Lord

1UK National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Trust

A Smiley

E Debnam

Department of Physiology, Royal Free and University College School of Medicine, Rowland Hill St, London, UK

H Petrovitch

Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, HI, USA

B Kauffman

Vertex Pharmaceutical, Boston, MA, USA

V Jenkins

senior research fellow in psycho-oncology

B Cramer

Kristina M Utzschneider

Research and Development, VA Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle Division, Seattle, Washington, USA

Naji Younes

The Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA

Joshua I Barzilay

Endocrinology, Kaiser Permanente of Georgia, Duluth, Georgia, USA

Mary Ann Banerji

Diabetes Treatment Center, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA

Robert M Cohen

Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

Erica V Gonzalez

Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

Faramarz Ismail-Beigi

Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

Steven E Kahn

Research and Development, VA Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle Division, Seattle, Washington, USA

JP Crandall

MD McKee

S Behringer-Massera

J Brown-Friday

E Xhori

K Ballentine-Cargill

H Estrella

S Gonzalez de la torre

J Lukin

LS Phillips

D Olson

M Rhee

TS Raines

J Boers

C Gullett

M Maher-Albertelli

R Mungara

L Savoye

CA White

F Morehead

S Person

M Sibymon

S Tanukonda

A Balasubramanyam

R Gaba

P Hollander

E Roe

P Burt

K Chionh

C Falck-Ytter

L Sayyed Kassem

M Tiktin

T Kulow

KA Stancil

J Iacoboni

MV Kononets

G McPhee AMaxwell

L Colosimo

R Goland

J Pring

L Alfano

C Hausheer

K Gumpel

A Kirpitch

JB Green

H AbouAssi

MN Feinglos

J English Jones

RP Zimmer

BM Satterwhite

K Evans Kreider

CR Thacker

CN Mariash

KJ Mather

A Lteif

V Pirics

D Aguillar

S Hurt

R Bergenstal

T Martens

J Hyatt

H Willis

W Konerza

K Kleeberger

R Passi

S Fortmann

M Herson

K Mularski

H Glauber

J Prihoda

B Ash

C Carlson

PA Ramey

E Schield

B Torgrimson-Ojerio

E Panos

S Sahnow

K Bays

K Berame

D Ghioni

J Gluth

K Schell

J Criscola

C Friason

S Nazarov

N Rassouli

R Puttnam

B Ojoawo

C Sanders-Jones

Z El-Haqq

A Kolli

J Meigs

A Dushkin

G Rocchio

M Yepes

H Dulin

M Cayford

A DeManbey

M Hillard

N Thangthaeng

L Gurry

R Kochis

E Raymond

V Ripley

V Aroda

Ann Ressing

A Loveland

M Hamm

F Mofor

HJ Florez

WM Valencia

S Casula

L Oropesa-Gonzalez

L Hue

AK Riccio Veliz

R Nieto-Martinez

M Gutt

A Ahmann

D Aby-Daniel

F Joarder

V Morimoto

C Sprague

D Yamashita

N Cady

N Rivera-Eschright

P Kirchhoff

B Morales Gomez

J Adducci

A Goncharova

SH Hox

M Matwichyna

NO Bermudez

L Broadwater

RR Ishii

DS Hsia

WT Cefalu

FL Greenway

C Waguespack

N Haynes

A Thomassie

B Bourgeois

C Hazlett

S Mudaliar

S Boeder

J Pettus

D Garcia-Acosta

S Maggs

C DeLue

E Castro

J Krakoff

JM Curtis

T Killean

E Joshevama

K Tsingine

T Karshner

J Albu

FX Pi-Sunyer

S Frances

C Maggio

J Bastawrose

X Gong

MA Banerji

D Lorber

NM Brown

DH Josephson

LL Thomas

M Tsovian

MH Jacobson

MM Mishko

MS Kirkman

JB Buse

J Dostou

K Bergamo

A Goley

JF Largay

S Guarda

J Cuffee

D Culmer

H Almeida

S Coffer

L Kiker

K Josey

WT Garvey

A Cherrington

D Golson

MC Robertson

A Agne

S McCullars

RM Cohen

MC Rogge

K Kersey

S Lipp

MB Vonder Meulen

C Underkofler

S Steiner

W Sivitz

E Cline

L Knosp

WH Herman

R Pop-Busui

MH Tan

A Waltje

A Katona

L Goodhall

R Eggleston

K Whitley

S Bule

N Kessler

E LaSalle

ER Seaquist

A Bantle

T Harindhanavudhi

B Redmon

M Coe

M Mech

A Taddese

L Lesne

L Kuechenmeister

V Shivaswamy

AL Morales

K Seipel

J Eggert

R Tillson

DS Schade

A Adolphe

M Burge

E Duran-Valdez

P August

MG Rodriguez

JB Kimpel

O Griffith