Agrology (Oct 2023)
Induction of positive changes for winter wheat under the action of a group of ecogenetic factors with lower damaging ability
Abstract
Abstract. The study of new agents for induction of practical biodiversity in local varieties of winter wheat for breeding process is a promising area in terms of obtaining both new commercial varieties and components for recombination breeding. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the possibilities of low-damaging mutagens in terms of optimizing the yield and grain quality parameters of mutant forms. Winter wheat seeds of eight varieties (Balaton, Borovytsia, Zelenyi Hai, Zoloto Ukrainy, Kalancha, Nyva Odeska, Polianka, Pochaina) were subjected by DAB (1,4-bisdiazoacetylbutane) 0.1%, 0.1%, 0.3%; NEU (nitrosoethylurea) 0.010%, 0.025%; NMU (nitrosomethylurea) 0.0125%, 0.025% (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany). The seeds were treated with 24 h exposure according to the generally recommended method for chemical mutagens actions. The regularity of the mutational process was monitored by agriculturally valuable traits, which makes the process of using experimental mutagenesis in order to obtain new forms with the required parameters more reliable and predictable. Studies have demonstrated that three varieties Kalancha, Polianka, Pochaina are promising in terms of variability of agriculturally valuable mutations to optimize the mutation process. Polianka and Pochaina were tested for NEU and NMU, Kalancha for all. The study revealed that NEU and NMU were more perspective in action for wheat genetic improvement, especially for biochemical changes, than DAB, which action is suitable for changes in size of spike. In general, traits for improvement were thick stem semi-dwarf, dwarf, intense epicuticular wax accumulation, large-size grain forms cannot be proper for low-damage ability mutagens, influence of which is effective for short-stem, early ripeness, and also tillering capacity, higher protein content, positive changes at protein components, and positive changes in microelement content. Only NMU can be used for mutations for tolerance of diseases, and NEU for changes in protein content as a regular mutation process. The possibility of producing forms with complex favorable changes has been confirmed, although their number is small. With increasing concentration, the likelihood of additional unfavorable traits, such as high stem or late ripeness, also increases in promising lines. Several new mutation lines of winter wheat were proposed as future commercial varieties with high grain productivity and sufficient bread-making qualities. One of these forms has excellent grain protein qualities. It is planned to analyze physiological changes in the produced lines, primarily in terms of resistance to abiotic factors such as drought tolerance and winter hardiness.
