LAWS OF FORMATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE IN THE TERRITORY OF KAZAN

Abstract

Aim. We made a comprehensive assessment of the pollution level of the atmosphere in Kazan; studied the effect of meteorological variables and phenomena in the formation of the level of pollution of the atmosphere of a big city, studied areas of distribution of pollutants, identified the major stationary sources of pollution.Methods. We statistically processed the data on air temperature, frequency of inversions, wind direction and speed, humidity, precipitation and fog; used the results of systematic observations of atmospheric pollution held by Department for hydrometeorology and environmental monitoring of the Republic of Tatarstan (DTHEM RT) for the period of 2002-2014 on 10 stationary sites.Results. Findings of the research are of great practical importance and can be used in solving the problems of atmospheric pollution control in big cities.Main conclusions. We identified meteorological parameters that contribute to pollution or self-purification of atmosphere in big cities; established that the air environment of the city has a limited favorable ability to self-cleaning in July and September; in all the other months, conditions for dispersion of impurities are quite favorable. The research shows that the stationary sources and vehicles are the main sources of atmospheric pollution in the city. According to CIAP5, the air pollution index in Kazan is determined as high.

Keywords

• атмосфера
• загрязнение
• взвешенные вещества
• формальдегид
• бенз(а)пирен
• оксид углерода
• оксиды азота
• неблагоприятные метеорологические условия
• комплексный индекс загрязнения атмосферного воздуха.