Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (Jan 2013)
Efeito de um programa de exercícios para o fortalecimento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico de multíparas The effect of an exercise program to strengthen pelvic floor muscles in multiparous women
Abstract
OBJETIVOS: Investigar o efeito de um programa individualizado e supervisionado de exercícios para os músculos do assoalho pélvico (MAP) no pós-parto de multíparas e verificar a correlação entre dois métodos de medida de força dos MAP. MÉTODOS: Conduziu-se um ensaio clínico aberto em que foram incluídas puérperas, multíparas com idade entre 18 e 35 anos. A amostra foi de 23 puérperas divididas em dois grupos: Grupo Intervenção (GI, n=11) e Grupo Controle (GC, n=12). As puérperas do GI participaram de um programa de exercícios para os MAP durante oito semanas, com frequência de duas vezes por semana. As puérperas do GC não receberam orientação quanto à prática de exercícios. A força dos MAP foi medida em duas oportunidades, utilizando-se a palpação vaginal digital e o perineômetro. A análise estatística foi realizada através dos seguintes testes: exato de Fisher, do c², t de Student, Kolmogov-Smirnov para duas amostras e coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Foi considerado como significativo pPURPOSES: To investigate the effect of an individualized and supervised exercise program for the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) in the postpartum period of multiparous women, and to verify the correlation between two methods used to assess PFM strength. METHODS: An open clinical trial was performed with puerperal, multiparous women aged 18 to 35 years. The sample consisted of 23 puerperal women divided into two groups: Intervention Group (IG, n=11) and Control Group (CG, n=12). The puerperal women in IG participated in an eight-week PFM exercise program, twice a week. The puerperal women in CG did not receive any recommendations regarding exercise. PFM strength was assessed using digital vaginal palpation and a perineometer. The statistical analysis was performed using the following tests: Fisher's exact, c², Student's t, Kolmogorov-Smirnov for two samples, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Significance was defined as p<0.05. RESULTS: The participants' mean age was 24±4.5 years in IG and 25.3±4 years in CG (p=0.4). After the exercise program, a significant difference was found between the groups in both modalities of muscle strength assessment (p<0.001). The two muscle strength assessment methods showed a significant correlation in both assessments (1st assessment: r=0.889, p<0.001; 2nd assessment: r=0.925, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The exercise program promoted a significant improvement in PFM strength. Good correlation was observed between digital vaginal palpation and a perineometer, which indicates that vaginal palpation can be used in clinical practice, since it is an inexpensive method that demonstrated significant correlation with an objective method, i.e. the use of a perioneometer.
